If Meaning(定義、用法、例句與發音)

if

conjunction

快速理解

What does "If" mean?What are 2-3 core uses of "If"?

用於表達條件、假設或可能性。

  1. 1

    條件

    EN: Introduces a condition for something to happen.

    翻譯: 引導某事發生的條件。

  2. 2

    假設

    EN: Used for talking about hypothetical or imaginary situations.

    翻譯: 用於談論假設性或想像中的情況。

  3. 3

    是否

    EN: Used to mean 'whether' in indirect questions.

    翻譯: 在間接問句中表示「是否」。

  4. 4

    禮貌請求

    EN: Makes a request or suggestion more polite.

    翻譯: 使請求或建議更為禮貌。

小提醒:注意 'if' 引導的條件句時態:談論未來可能的事實時,從句用現在式,主句用未來式(例如:If it rains, I will stay home)。

發音(How to Pronounce "If" in English

How to pronounce "If" in English?"If" US vs UK pronunciation

點擊下方的 US / UK 按鈕可播放發音。

Real-life Examples of "If" from YouTube Videos

South Korea would accept Trump-Kim deal to freeze North Korea’s nuclear programme | BBC News

BBC News

So if Trump is to sit down with Kim, what do you want them to achieve?

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Definitions(定義)

What are the definitions of "If"?How does "If" change by context?

1. used to introduce a condition or supposition

用於引導條件或假設

If it rains, we will stay inside.

如果下雨,我們就待在室內。

Call me if you need help.

如果你需要幫助,就打電話給我。

2. used to talk about a situation that is not real or likely

用於談論不真實或不太可能發生的情況

If I were you, I would accept the offer.

如果我是你,我會接受這個提議。

If he had studied harder, he would have passed the exam.

如果他當初更用功讀書,他就能通過考試了。

3. whether (used in indirect questions)

是否(用於間接問句)

I wonder if she will come to the party.

我在想她是否會來參加派對。

He asked if I had finished the report.

他問我是否已經完成了報告。

4. used to make a polite request or suggestion

用於提出禮貌的請求或建議

If you could send me the details, I would appreciate it.

如果你能把詳細資料寄給我,我會很感激。

If you don't mind, I'd like to ask a question.

如果你不介意的話,我想問一個問題。

5. even if; although

即使;雖然

It's a nice house, if a little small.

這是棟不錯的房子,雖然有點小。

I'll finish the work, if it takes all night.

即使要花一整晚,我也會完成這項工作。

Grammar & Patterns(句型)

What are common sentence patterns for "If"?How to make natural sentences with "If"?
PatternMeaningExample
if + present simple, ... + will + base verb表達未來可能發生的條件與結果If it rains tomorrow, the picnic will be cancelled. (如果明天下雨,野餐就會取消。)
if + past simple, ... + would + base verb表達與現在事實相反的假設If I had more time, I would travel the world. (如果我有更多時間,我就會去環遊世界。)
if + past perfect, ... + would have + past participle表達與過去事實相反的假設If you had told me earlier, I would have helped you. (如果你早點告訴我,我就會幫你了。)
if + present simple, ... + present simple表達普遍真理或習慣If you heat ice, it melts. (如果你加熱冰塊,它就會融化。)
if + present simple, ... + imperative給予指示或建議If you feel tired, take a break. (如果你覺得累,就休息一下。)

用法說明

How is "If" different from similar structures?What usage mistakes are common with "If"?

if + present simple vs if + present continuous

  • if + present simple 通常用於表達一般性、習慣性或事實性的條件。
  • if + present continuous 則強調在特定時間點正在進行的動作,或暫時性的情況。
  • 在談論未來安排或計畫時,if + present continuousif + present simple 更為具體。
  • 兩者皆可用於真實條件句,但進行式更能凸顯動作的「正在發生」感。

對比例句: EN: If it rains tomorrow, we will cancel the picnic. 翻譯: 如果明天下雨,我們就取消野餐。

EN:If it is raining when you arrive, please use the back door.

翻譯:如果你到達時正在下雨,請使用後門。

對比例句: EN: If you heat ice, it melts. 翻譯: 如果你加熱冰塊,它會融化。

EN:Be careful if you are using that old ladder; it seems unstable.

翻譯:如果你正在使用那個舊梯子要小心,它看起來不穩。

總結建議

表達一般事實或習慣用 if + present simple;強調說話當下或未來某刻正在進行的動作,則用 if + present continuous

易混淆對比

What is the difference between "If" and similar words?How to choose "If" vs alternatives?

if vs whether

「if」通常用於條件句,而「whether」則用於表達兩種可能性或選擇,特別是在正式語境或介系詞後。

if vs when

「if」表示不確定的條件或假設,而「when」則表示預期會發生或時間上確定的事件。

if vs provided (that)

「if」是通用的條件連接詞,而「provided (that)」或「providing (that)」語氣更正式,強調在特定條件滿足下某事才會發生。

口語用法

How is "If" used in spoken English?What is the spoken vs formal difference for "If"?

引述

用於轉述他人的話或想法,類似於「是否」、「會不會」。 EN: He asked if I was coming to the party. 翻譯: 他問我是否會來參加派對。

EN:I wonder if it's going to rain later.

翻譯:我在想待會兒會不會下雨。

語氣強調

在口語中,有時會重複或拉長「if」來表達不確定、懷疑或強調條件的重要性。 EN: That's a big if. We don't even know if we have funding. 翻譯: 那可是個很大的「如果」。我們連有沒有資金都還不知道。

EN:If—and that's a huge if—we finish on time, we can celebrate.

翻譯:如果——而且這是一個巨大的如果——我們準時完成,我們就可以慶祝了。

停頓填充

在組織思緒或尋找合適字眼時,用作短暫的停頓填充詞,後面常接上「you know」或「like」。 EN: It was, if you know what I mean, a bit awkward. 翻譯: 那情況,如果你懂我的意思,是有點尷尬。

EN:She seemed, if you will, the heart of the whole project.

翻譯:她可以說是,如果你願意的話,整個計畫的核心。

正式書寫注意:上述口語用法,特別是「停頓填充」和過於強調的「語氣強調」,在學術論文、正式報告或商業信函中應避免使用,以保持文體的嚴謹與簡潔。

常見短語

What common collocations use "If"?What fixed phrases with "If" should I remember?

if any

if any + [noun]

如果有的話;即使有(也極少)

if possible

[clause], if possible

如果可能的話

if necessary

[clause], if necessary

如有必要

if so

If so, [clause]

如果是這樣的話

if not

If not, [clause]

如果不是的話;否則

if anything

[clause], if anything

如果真要說有什麼區別的話;甚至可能

if only

If only + [clause (often past tense/subjunctive)]

要是…就好了;但願

even if

even if + [clause]

即使;就算

常見錯誤

What are common mistakes with "If"?Which "If" sentences look correct but are wrong?

×If it will rain tomorrow, we will cancel the picnic.

If it rains tomorrow, we will cancel the picnic.

在表示未來可能性的條件句中,『if』子句通常使用現在簡單式,而非未來式(will)。主句才使用未來式。

×If I was you, I would accept the offer.

If I were you, I would accept the offer.

在與現在事實相反的假設語氣(第二條件句)中,『if』子句的動詞『be』無論主詞為何,通常使用『were』。這是一個固定的虛擬語氣形式。

×I don't know if I can come.

I don't know whether I can come.

雖然口語中常互換,但在正式書寫或表示『是否』的選擇性時(特別是在介系詞後或引出不定詞前),使用『whether』比『if』更恰當。『if』主要用於條件句。

×If you see him tell him I said hello.

If you see him, tell him I said hello.

當『if』引導的條件子句位於主要子句之前時,必須在條件子句後加上逗號。若主要子句在前,則通常不加逗號。

×If I would have known, I would have helped.

If I had known, I would have helped.

在與過去事實相反的假設語氣(第三條件句)中,『if』子句應使用過去完成式(had + p.p.),而非『would have』。『would have』只應用於主句。

詞形變化

What are the word forms of "If"?What are tense/participle forms of "If"?