1. used with a past participle to form the past perfect tense
與過去分詞連用，構成過去完成式
She had already left when I arrived.
當我抵達時，她已經離開了。
They had finished their homework before dinner.
他們在晚餐前就已經完成了作業。
Had Meaning（定義、用法、例句與發音）
had
auxiliary
快速理解
What does "Had" mean?What are 2-3 core uses of "Had"?
「had」是「have」的過去式，主要用作助動詞或動詞，表示擁有、經歷或構成完成時態。
- 1
擁有（過去式）
EN: She had a beautiful house.
翻譯: 她曾有一棟漂亮的房子。
- 2
經歷或進行（過去式）
EN: We had a great time at the party.
翻譯: 我們在派對上玩得很開心。
- 3
構成過去完成時
EN: He had already left when I arrived.
翻譯: 當我抵達時，他已經離開了。
- 4
用於假設語氣
EN: If I had known, I would have helped.
翻譯: 如果我當時知道，我就會幫忙了。
小提醒：注意「had」在過去完成時（had + 過去分詞）中表示「過去的過去」，與一般過去式不同。
發音（How to Pronounce "Had" in English）
How to pronounce "Had" in English?"Had" US vs UK pronunciation
點擊下方的 US / UK 按鈕可播放發音。
Real-life Examples of "Had" from YouTube Videos
South Korea would accept Trump-Kim deal to freeze North Korea’s nuclear programme | BBC News
BBC News
“When you saw the Korean workers handcuffed and chained up in the US just weeks after you had agreed to invest billions of dollars there, did you feel betrayed, like so many people in this country now do?”
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Definitions（定義）
What are the definitions of "Had"?How does "Had" change by context?
2. used in conditional sentences to talk about unreal past situations
用於條件句中，談論與過去事實相反的假設情況
If I had known, I would have helped.
如果我當時知道，我就會幫忙了。
She would have passed the exam if she had studied harder.
如果她當時更用功讀書，她就能通過考試了。
3. past tense and past participle of 'have'
「have」的過去式及過去分詞
I had a dog when I was a child.
我小時候養過一隻狗。
He had two brothers.
他有兩個兄弟。
We had a great time at the party.
我們在派對上玩得很開心。
4. experienced or underwent something
經歷或遭受某事
She had a headache yesterday.
她昨天頭痛。
They had an accident on the way home.
他們在回家途中發生了意外。
Grammar & Patterns（句型）
What are common sentence patterns for "Had"?How to make natural sentences with "Had"?
| Pattern | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| had + past participle | 用於構成過去完成式，表示在過去某個時間點之前已經完成的動作。 | She had already left when I arrived. (當我到達時，她已經離開了。) |
| had + been + present participle | 用於構成過去完成進行式，表示在過去某個時間點之前一直持續進行的動作。 | He had been working for hours before he took a break. (他在休息之前已經連續工作了好幾個小時。) |
| had + to + base verb | 表示過去必須或不得不做某事。 | I had to finish the report by yesterday. (我必須在昨天之前完成那份報告。) |
| If + subject + had + past participle, ... | 用於與過去事實相反的假設條件句。 | If I had known, I would have helped. (如果我當時知道，我就會幫忙了。) |
| subject + wish + subject + had + past participle | 表達對過去情況的遺憾或願望。 | I wish I had studied harder. (我真希望我當時更用功讀書。) |
用法說明
How is "Had" different from similar structures?What usage mistakes are common with "Had"?
had done vs had to do
- had done 是過去完成式，表示在過去某個時間點之前已經完成的動作。
- had to do 是 have to 的過去式，表示在過去有義務、必要或被強迫去做某事。
- 兩者的否定形式意義完全不同：hadn't done 是「過去未曾做過」，而 didn't have to do 是「過去不必做」。
- 注意 had better 是一個獨特的片語，表示「最好…」，用來給出強烈的建議或警告，其後接動詞原形。 EN: She had finished her report before the meeting started. 翻譯: 她在會議開始前就已經完成了報告。
EN:She had to finish her report before the meeting started.
翻譯:她必須在會議開始前完成報告。
EN:I hadn't seen that movie until last night.
翻譯:直到昨晚我才看過那部電影。
EN:I didn't have to work yesterday, so I went hiking.
翻譯:我昨天不必工作，所以去爬山了。
總結建議
區分 had done（過去已完成）和 had to do（過去必須做）的關鍵在於前者強調動作的完成狀態，後者強調義務或必要性。
易混淆對比
What is the difference between "Had" and similar words?How to choose "Had" vs alternatives?
had vs have
"had" 是 "have" 的過去式，作為助動詞時用於構成過去完成式，而 "have" 則用於現在完成式。
had vs would have
"had" 用於過去完成式或與 "if" 引導的假設語氣中，而 "would have" 則用於表達過去非真實條件的結果。
had vs did
"had" 作為助動詞用於完成式，而 "did" 作為助動詞用於簡單過去式的疑問句或否定句。
口語用法
How is "Had" used in spoken English?What is the spoken vs formal difference for "Had"?
引述
在口語中，'had' 常用於引述他人說過的話或想法，特別是當引述的內容與事實相反或帶有驚訝、不滿時。 EN: He said he had already finished, but he was still working. 翻譯: 他說他已經做完了，但他明明還在忙。
EN:I thought I had the keys with me!
翻譯:我還以為鑰匙在我身上呢！
語氣強調
在非正式對話中，'had' 有時會用來加強語氣，表達一種強烈的感受或對過去情況的強調。 EN: I had had enough of his excuses! 翻譯: 我真是受夠了他的藉口！
EN:You had to be there to believe it.
翻譯:你非得在現場才會相信。
停頓填充
在思考或組織語句時，'had' 偶爾會被用作填充詞，尤其是在回憶或敘述過去事件時，用來爭取一點思考時間。 EN: So, I had... wait, what was I saying? 翻譯: 所以，我當時... 等等，我剛剛說到哪了？
EN:The party was... we had... actually, it was pretty fun.
翻譯:那個派對是... 我們當時... 其實還蠻好玩的。
正式書寫注意：在正式寫作（如學術論文、商業報告）中，應避免將 'had' 用作語氣強調或停頓填充。引述用法也應確保時態精確且結構完整，不宜模仿口語中過於鬆散或重複的結構。
常見短語
What common collocations use "Had"?What fixed phrases with "Had" should I remember?
had better
had better + base verb
最好…（表示強烈建議或警告）
had to
had to + base verb
必須，不得不（表示過去必須做某事）
had been
had been + present participle / past participle
過去完成進行式或過去完成被動式
had no choice
had no choice but to + base verb
別無選擇，只能…
had enough
had enough (of something)
受夠了，無法再忍受
had a lot on
had a lot on one's plate / mind
有很多事要處理；心事重重
had it not been for
had it not been for + noun phrase
要不是因為…（表示與過去事實相反的條件）
常見錯誤
What are common mistakes with "Had"?Which "Had" sentences look correct but are wrong?
×I had eaten when she arrived.
✓I had eaten when she arrived. (Correct, but often misused in wrong sequence)
學習者常搞混過去完成式的事件順序。'had + 過去分詞' 表示在另一個過去事件之前已經完成的動作。常見錯誤是將兩個過去事件都用簡單過去式，或順序顛倒。
×If I had knew the answer, I would have told you.
✓If I had known the answer, I would have told you.
在與過去事實相反的假設句（第三條件句）中，'if' 從句應使用 'had + 過去分詞'。學習者常錯誤地在 'had' 後面再加一個過去式動詞，或誤用 'would have' 在 if 從句中。
×I finished my work before she came.
✓I had finished my work before she came. (更精確)
當要明確指出一個過去動作在另一個過去動作『之前已經完成』時，應使用過去完成式。僅用簡單過去式會使時間順序模糊，雖然語法上不一定錯誤，但會影響表達的精確度。
×She said she lived in London for five years.
✓She said she had lived in London for five years.
在轉述他人過去說過的話（間接引語）時，如果原話中的動作發生在『說話時間』之前，通常需要將時態往回推一層。原句若為 'I have lived / lived in London...'，轉述時常需改為 'had lived'。
×Had you had finished your dinner?
✓Had you finished your dinner?
構成過去完成式的疑問句時，只需將助動詞 'had' 提前至主詞前，後面接主詞和『過去分詞』即可。學習者常誤以為主要動詞也要保持 'had + 過去分詞' 的形式，導致出現重複的 'had'。
詞形變化
What are the word forms of "Had"?What are tense/participle forms of "Had"?
had(past)had(past_participle)