1. the process of controlling and organizing a business, organization, or system
控制和管理企業、組織或系統的過程
Good management is essential for a company's success.
良好的管理對公司的成功至關重要。
She studied business management at university.
她在大學學習了商業管理。
Management Meaning（定義、用法、例句與發音）
management
noun
快速理解
What does "Management" mean?What are 2-3 core uses of "Management"?
指對組織、資源或人員進行控制、協調與決策的過程或人員。
- 1
管理過程
EN: The process of controlling and making decisions about a business or organization.
翻譯: 控制並為企業或組織做決策的過程。
- 2
管理人員
EN: The group of people responsible for controlling and operating an organization.
翻譯: 負責控制與營運一個組織的人員群體。
- 3
資源管理
EN: The skillful handling or use of resources such as time, money, or information.
翻譯: 對時間、金錢或資訊等資源的熟練處理或運用。
- 4
經營方式
EN: The way in which something is managed or the style of administration.
翻譯: 某事物被管理的方式或行政風格。
小提醒：注意「management」可同時指「管理過程」與「管理人員」。例如「The management has decided...」指的是管理階層（人員），而非抽象概念。
發音（How to Pronounce "Management" in English）
How to pronounce "Management" in English?"Management" US vs UK pronunciation
點擊下方的 US / UK 按鈕可播放發音。
Real-life Examples of "Management" from YouTube Videos
Boghuma Kabisen Titanji: Ethical riddles in HIV research
TED
“Maybe it would inform clinicians around the world on how to improve on the clinical management of HIV patients.”
(1 out of 44)
Definitions（定義）
What are the definitions of "Management"?How does "Management" change by context?
2. the people who control and operate a business or organization
控制並經營企業或組織的人員
The management has decided to close the factory.
管理層已決定關閉工廠。
He has a meeting with senior management this afternoon.
他今天下午要與高層管理人員開會。
3. the skillful handling or use of something
對某事物的熟練處理或運用
Time management is an important skill for students.
時間管理是學生的一項重要技能。
Effective stress management can improve your health.
有效的壓力管理可以改善你的健康。
4. the treatment or care of a patient, a disease, or land
對病人、疾病或土地的治療或照護
The management of chronic pain requires a multidisciplinary approach.
慢性疼痛的治療需要多學科的方法。
Sustainable land management is crucial for agriculture.
永續的土地管理對農業至關重要。
Grammar & Patterns（句型）
What are common sentence patterns for "Management"?How to make natural sentences with "Management"?
| Pattern | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| management of + noun | ...的管理 | The management of natural resources is crucial for sustainability. (自然資源的管理對永續發展至關重要。) |
| under the management of + noun | 在...的管理之下 | The hotel flourished under the management of a new team. (這間飯店在新團隊的管理下蓬勃發展。) |
| management + verb (e.g., decides, oversees) | 管理層（做某事） | The management has decided to implement new policies. (管理層已決定實施新政策。) |
| a career in management | 管理職涯 | She is pursuing a successful career in management. (她正在追求成功的管理職涯。) |
| join the management | 加入管理階層 | He was promoted to join the management last year. (他去年獲晉升加入管理階層。) |
| middle / senior / top management | 中階 / 高階 / 最高管理階層 | The decision was made by top management. (這項決定是由最高管理階層做出的。) |
| management style | 管理風格 | His collaborative management style is highly effective. (他協作式的管理風格非常有效。) |
| management skills | 管理技能 | Good management skills are essential for any leader. (良好的管理技能對任何領導者都是必不可少的。) |
用法說明
How is "Management" different from similar structures?What usage mistakes are common with "Management"?
management of doing vs management to do
- management of doing 強調「管理...的過程或行為」，通常指對一個持續性活動或現有狀況的監督與控制。
- management to do 則較為少見，若出現通常指「為了達成某個目的而進行的管理」，或是在特定結構中（如 need management to + V）表示「需要管理來...」。
- 在描述具體的職責或系統時，如「專案管理」、「時間管理」，固定使用 management of 或直接複合名詞（如 project management）。
- 動詞 manage 後接不定詞（to do）表示「設法做到」，但名詞 management 本身不直接接不定詞構成此意。 EN: Effective management of remote teams requires clear communication tools. 翻譯: 有效的遠距團隊管理需要清晰的溝通工具。
EN:The company needs strong management to achieve its sustainability goals.
翻譯:公司需要強有力的管理來實現其永續發展目標。
總結建議
在大多數情況下，描述管理某事物時應使用「management of + 名詞/動名詞」結構。
易混淆對比
What is the difference between "Management" and similar words?How to choose "Management" vs alternatives?
management vs administration
「management」通常指對組織、專案或人員的日常營運與執行管理，強調實踐與效率；「administration」則更側重於政策制定、組織架構與整體行政事務的管理，層次較高且範圍更廣。
management vs leadership
「management」著重於規劃、組織與控制資源以達成目標，屬於系統性工作；「leadership」則強調影響、激勵與引導他人，屬於人際影響力與願景塑造。
management vs supervision
「management」涵蓋策略規劃、決策與資源分配等全面性職責；「supervision」則特指對下屬工作進行指導、監察與確保任務正確執行的過程，範圍較窄且更具體。
口語用法
How is "Management" used in spoken English?What is the spoken vs formal difference for "Management"?
引述
在對話中，人們常會引述或提及他人關於「管理」的意見或常見說法。 EN: I know everyone says good management is key, but our team just needs more resources. 翻譯: 我知道大家都說好的管理是關鍵，但我們團隊只是需要更多資源。
EN:Her whole philosophy is "management by walking around"—she's always on the floor talking to staff.
翻譯:她的整個理念就是「走動式管理」—她總是到現場和員工交談。
語氣強調
在口語中，會透過重音或重複來強調「管理」的重要性或問題所在。 EN: The problem isn't the product; it's the management. 翻譯: 問題不在產品，而是管理層。
EN:We need management, real management, not just someone giving orders.
翻譯:我們需要的是管理，真正的管理，而不只是發號施令的人。
停頓填充
在組織思緒或尋找合適詞彙時，「管理」一詞有時會作為短暫的停頓填充詞。 EN: The issue comes down to... management... or rather, the lack of clear direction. 翻譯: 這個問題歸根結底是…管理…或者說，是缺乏明確的方向。
EN:What we're looking for is a better system of, you know, management and coordination.
翻譯:我們正在尋找的是一套更好的，嗯，管理和協調系統。
正式寫作注意：在正式報告或學術寫作中，應避免將「management」用作填充詞，並需明確界定其指涉範圍（如「高階管理」、「專案管理」），而非僅模糊地使用。口語中的強調語氣（如重複）也應改以精確的形容詞或數據來取代。
常見短語
What common collocations use "Management"?What fixed phrases with "Management" should I remember?
management team
noun + noun
管理團隊
risk management
noun + noun
風險管理
under new management
prepositional phrase
由新管理層經營
time management
noun + noun
時間管理
middle management
adjective + noun
中層管理
management style
noun + noun
管理風格
project management
noun + noun
專案管理
crisis management
noun + noun
危機管理
常見錯誤
What are common mistakes with "Management"?Which "Management" sentences look correct but are wrong?
×The company needs a good managements.
✓The company needs good management.
"Management" is usually an uncountable noun when referring to the process or activity. It does not take a plural "-s" in this sense.
×She is in charge of management of the department.
✓She is in charge of the management of the department.
When "management" is followed by an "of"-phrase specifying what is being managed, it typically requires the definite article "the".
×The management decided to hire new staff.
✓Management decided to hire new staff. / The managers decided to hire new staff.
When "management" refers to the group of people in charge (collectively), it is often used without an article. Using "the management" can sound slightly less natural in some contexts. Alternatively, use "the managers" to be more specific about the individuals.
×Management are discussing the proposal.
✓Management is discussing the proposal.
In American English, "management" as a collective noun typically takes a singular verb. In British English, both singular and plural verbs are possible, but for learners, using the singular verb is generally safer and more widely accepted.
×He studies bussiness managment.
✓He studies business management.
Common spelling errors: "business" (not bussiness) and "management" (not managment). Remember the "e" after "g" in "management".
×She has experience on management.
✓She has experience in management.
The correct preposition to use with "experience" in this context is "in", not "on".
詞形變化
What are the word forms of "Management"?What are tense/participle forms of "Management"?