Abstraction 指從具體事物中抽離出概念或一般性特徵的過程或結果。
概念化過程
EN: The process of considering something independently of its physical or concrete existence.
翻譯: 將事物從其具體或物理存在中抽離出來進行思考的過程。
抽象概念
EN: A general idea or concept formed by extracting common features from specific examples.
翻譯: 從具體例子中提取共同特徵所形成的普遍想法或概念。
藝術與哲學
EN: An abstract quality or work of art that does not attempt to represent external reality.
翻譯: 不試圖再現外部現實的抽象特質或藝術作品。
電腦科學
EN: The technique of hiding complex implementation details to show only essential features.
翻譯: 隱藏複雜的實作細節，僅展示基本功能的技術。
小提醒：注意：在一般對話中，'abstraction' 常帶有『不切實際、難以理解』的負面含義，例如 'His argument is just an abstraction.'（他的論點過於抽象不實）。
點擊下方的 US / UK 按鈕可播放發音。
Real-life Examples of "Abstraction" from YouTube Videos
Chris Abani: On humanity | TED
TED
“we ascribe them a value, And language can't be understood in its abstraction. It can only be understood in the context of story and everything.”
1. a general idea or concept not based on specific examples
抽象概念；概括性觀念
The idea of 'justice' is an abstraction that can be difficult to define precisely.
『正義』這個概念是一種抽象觀念，可能難以精確定義。
He was more interested in concrete facts than in philosophical abstractions.
比起哲學上的抽象概念，他對具體事實更感興趣。
2. the process of considering something independently of its associations or attributes
抽象化；抽離的過程
Mathematical reasoning often involves a high level of abstraction.
數學推理通常涉及高度的抽象化。
The artist's work is an abstraction of natural forms into geometric shapes.
這位藝術家的作品是將自然形態抽象化為幾何形狀。
3. something that exists only as an idea and not in physical form
抽象事物；非實體存在
For young children, time is an abstraction they don't fully understand.
對年幼的孩子來說，時間是他們無法完全理解的抽象事物。
The treaty dealt with abstractions like sovereignty and territorial integrity.
該條約處理的是像主權和領土完整這類抽象事物。
4. a state of being lost in thought
心不在焉；出神
She stared out the window in a state of abstraction, not hearing her name called.
她心不在焉地凝視著窗外，沒聽到有人叫她的名字。
His frequent abstractions made it difficult to have a conversation with him.
他經常出神，讓人很難與他交談。
5. an abstract work of art
抽象藝術作品
The gallery featured several colorful abstractions by the modernist painter.
畫廊展出了這位現代主義畫家的幾幅色彩豐富的抽象畫。
Her early works were realistic, but she later moved toward pure abstraction.
她早期的作品是寫實的，但後來轉向了純粹的抽象藝術。
| Pattern | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| abstraction of + noun | 對…的抽象化 | The abstraction of complex data into simple charts is a key skill. (將複雜數據抽象化成簡單圖表是一項關鍵技能。) |
| at a high level of abstraction | 在高度抽象的層次上 | We need to think about the problem at a high level of abstraction. (我們需要在高度抽象的層次上思考這個問題。) |
| move from the concrete to the abstraction | 從具體事物轉向抽象概念 | The lecture moved from the concrete examples to the underlying abstraction. (講座從具體例子轉向了背後的抽象概念。) |
| a mental abstraction | 一種心智上的抽象概念 | "Justice" is a mental abstraction that can be hard to define. (「正義」是一種難以定義的心智抽象概念。) |
| in the abstract | 抽象地、理論上 | The idea sounds good in the abstract, but the practical details are challenging. (這個想法在理論上聽起來不錯，但實際細節很有挑戰性。) |
對比例句： EN: The artist's work is an abstraction of natural forms. 翻譯: 這位藝術家的作品是對自然形態的一種抽象化。
EN:It's hard to understand such an abstract philosophical concept.
翻譯:很難理解如此抽象的哲學概念。
在表達「抽象概念」或「抽象化結果」時使用名詞 abstraction，而描述「抽象的」性質或進行「提取摘要」的動作時，則應使用 abstract 的相應詞性。
abstraction vs concept
「abstraction」強調從具體事物中抽離出的抽象觀念或過程；「concept」則泛指任何想法、概念，不一定經過抽象化過程。
abstraction vs generalization
「abstraction」著重於抽離具體細節以形成觀念；「generalization」則強調從特定觀察中歸納出普遍性結論或規則。
abstraction vs idea
「abstraction」特指經過抽象思維過程形成的非具體觀念；「idea」是泛指任何念頭、想法或點子。
在對話中，當你轉述或總結他人或自己的複雜想法時，可以用 "abstraction" 來指稱那個被簡化或抽離出來的核心概念。 EN: So what you're saying is, the main abstraction here is the separation of data from how it's displayed. 翻譯: 所以你的意思是，這裡主要的抽象概念是將資料與其顯示方式分離。
EN:Her whole argument was built on that one abstraction about human nature.
翻譯:她的整個論點都建立在關於人性的那個抽象概念上。
在非正式討論中，用 "abstraction" 可以強調某個想法過於理論化、不切實際或難以理解，常帶有一點批評或無奈的語氣。 EN: That's just an intellectual abstraction—it doesn't help us solve the actual problem. 翻譯: 那只是個知識上的抽象概念——對我們解決實際問題沒有幫助。
EN:Don't get lost in the abstraction; let's talk about concrete steps.
翻譯:別迷失在抽象概念裡；我們來談談具體步驟吧。
在思考如何解釋複雜事物時，說話者可能會用 "abstraction" 作為一個填充詞，為自己爭取組織語言的時間，同時暗示接下來要進行概括或簡化。 EN: The system works through... well, an abstraction layer that handles all the communication. 翻譯: 這個系統是透過…嗯，一個處理所有通訊的抽象層來運作的。
EN:It's kind of an abstraction of the real-world process, if that makes sense.
翻譯:這算是真實世界流程的一種抽象化，如果你懂我的意思。
正式寫作注意：在學術或正式商業寫作中，應更精確地定義所使用的 "abstraction" 具體指涉為何，或使用更專業的術語（如 "conceptual model", "theoretical construct"）。口語中略帶模糊或批判的用法在正式文體中可能顯得不夠嚴謹。
level of abstraction
NOUN of abstraction
抽象層級
data abstraction
NOUN abstraction
資料抽象化
pure abstraction
ADJ abstraction
純粹抽象
get lost in abstraction
VERB lost in abstraction
迷失在抽象概念中
artistic abstraction
ADJ abstraction
藝術抽象
mental abstraction
ADJ abstraction
心智抽象
leap of abstraction
NOUN of abstraction
抽象飛躍
×He made an abstraction about the data.
✓He made an abstraction from the data.
The preposition 'about' is incorrect here. 'Abstraction' typically uses 'from' when referring to the source material being abstracted, or 'of' when describing the nature of the abstraction.
×He discussed abstraction in his lecture.
✓He discussed the abstraction in his lecture.
When referring to a specific, previously mentioned or contextually understood abstraction, the definite article 'the' is required. The indefinite article 'an' is used when introducing a new, non-specific abstraction.
×The software uses many level of abstractions.
✓The software uses many levels of abstraction.
The phrase 'level of abstraction' is typically treated as uncountable or uses 'abstraction' in a singular form when referring to the concept. 'Abstractions' (plural) is used when referring to multiple distinct abstract concepts or models.
×His idea was too much abstraction to be practical.
✓His idea was too abstract to be practical.
'Abstraction' is a noun referring to the concept or process. The adjective 'abstract' should be used to describe something that is not concrete or practical.
×We need to do an abstraction of the requirements.
✓We need to create/formulate/build an abstraction of the requirements.
The verb 'do' is too vague and informal. More precise verbs like 'create', 'formulate', 'develop', or 'build' are used with 'abstraction' to describe the act of making one.