Without Meaning(定義、用法、例句與發音)

without

preposition

快速理解

What does "Without" mean?What are 2-3 core uses of "Without"?

表示缺乏、不具備或未伴隨某事物。

  1. 1

    缺乏某物

    EN: not having or lacking something

    翻譯: 沒有或缺乏某物

  2. 2

    未做某事

    EN: not doing or experiencing something

    翻譯: 未做或未經歷某事

  3. 3

    在沒有...的情況下

    EN: in the absence of someone or something

    翻譯: 在沒有某人或某物的情況下

  4. 4

    外部;外面

    EN: outside of something (archaic/literary)

    翻譯: 在某物外部(古語/文學用語)

小提醒:注意 'without' 是介系詞,後面接名詞或動名詞 (V-ing),例如 'without thinking',而不是 'without to think'。

發音(How to Pronounce "Without" in English

How to pronounce "Without" in English?"Without" US vs UK pronunciation

點擊下方的 US / UK 按鈕可播放發音。

Real-life Examples of "Without" from YouTube Videos

South Korea would accept Trump-Kim deal to freeze North Korea’s nuclear programme | BBC News

BBC News

>>. As president, I feel a profound sense of responsibility for the harsh treatment of our people, who were detained without committing any serious crimes.

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Definitions(定義)

What are the definitions of "Without"?How does "Without" change by context?

1. not having or accompanied by

沒有,無

He left without his keys.

他沒帶鑰匙就離開了。

I can't live without coffee.

我沒有咖啡就活不下去。

She answered without hesitation.

她毫不猶豫地回答了。

2. outside of

在…外面

They waited without the gates.

他們在大門外等候。

The noise came from without the house.

噪音來自房子外面。

3. in the absence of an action or condition

在不(做某事)的情況下

You can't succeed without trying.

不嘗試就不可能成功。

The machine works without making any noise.

這台機器運作時不會發出任何噪音。

4. unless

除非

You won't pass the exam without studying harder.

除非你更用功讀書,否則你考試不會及格。

Without your help, we cannot finish this project.

沒有你的幫助,我們無法完成這個專案。

Grammar & Patterns(句型)

What are common sentence patterns for "Without"?How to make natural sentences with "Without"?
PatternMeaningExample
without + noun/noun phrase沒有…He left without his keys. (他沒帶鑰匙就離開了。)
without + V-ing沒有做…She passed the test without studying. (她沒讀書就通過了考試。)
go/be + without + noun沒有…也行;缺少…We had to go without electricity for two days. (我們不得不忍受兩天沒有電的生活。)
do + without + (someone/something)沒有…也行;將就If we can't find the tool, we'll have to do without it. (如果我們找不到工具,就只好將就一下了。)
without + a doubt毫無疑問地She is, without a doubt, the best candidate. (她毫無疑問是最佳候選人。)
not/never + without + noun並非沒有…;總是有…His speeches are never without a touch of humor. (他的演講總帶有一絲幽默。)

用法說明

How is "Without" different from similar structures?What usage mistakes are common with "Without"?

without doing vs without to do

  • without doing 是唯一正確的結構,表示「沒有做某事」或「在不做某事的情況下」。介系詞 without 後面必須接動名詞 (V-ing)。
  • without to do 是常見的錯誤結構。英文中 without 後面絕對不能接不定詞 (to + V)。
  • 即使在情態動詞(如 would, could)或表達意願的動詞(如 want, need)之後,without 的結構依然不變,仍是 without doing

對比例句: EN: He left the house without saying goodbye. 翻譯: 他沒有道別就離開了房子。

EN:He left the house without to say goodbye.

翻譯:(錯誤用法,應避免)

EN:She can solve complex problems without feeling stressed.

翻譯:她可以解決複雜的問題而不感到壓力。

EN:She would solve it without to feel stressed.

翻譯:(錯誤用法,應避免)

總結建議

記住 without 的正確用法永遠是 without + V-ing,切勿使用 without to + V

易混淆對比

What is the difference between "Without" and similar words?How to choose "Without" vs alternatives?

without vs with

「without」表示「沒有、缺乏」,而「with」表示「擁有、伴隨」。兩者是直接的反義詞,用於描述某物是否存在或某人是否在場。

without vs lacking

「without」是介系詞,描述狀態;「lacking」是形容詞或動詞,強調不足或缺陷。

without vs outside of

「without」主要表示「沒有」;「outside of」主要表示「在…之外」或「除了…」。

口語用法

How is "Without" used in spoken English?What is the spoken vs formal difference for "Without"?

引述

在口語中,有時會用「without」來引述或重複別人剛說過的話,表示「沒有那個東西/條件」。 EN: A: I can't start the car. B: Without the keys, of course not. 翻譯: A: 我發動不了車子。 B: 沒有鑰匙,當然不行。

EN:A: The presentation felt flat. B: Without any visuals, it's hard to keep people engaged.

翻譯:A: 那場報告感覺很平淡。 B: 沒有任何視覺輔助,很難吸引人注意。

語氣強調

在句尾加上「without」的短語,用來加強語氣,表示「絕對沒有」或「不然的話」,常帶點隨意或挑釁的意味。 EN: I can finish this project by Friday, no problem without. 翻譯: 我星期五前能完成這個專案,絕對沒問題。

EN:Go ahead and try it, see what happens without.

翻譯:你儘管試試看啊,看看會怎樣。

停頓填充

在思考或列舉時,作為一個停頓的填充詞,類似「還有就是…沒有…」。 EN: We need to pack snacks, drinks... without... oh, and a first-aid kit. 翻譯: 我們需要帶零食、飲料… 還有就是… 沒有… 哦,還有急救箱。

EN:His strengths are his creativity, his attention to detail, and without... his ability to stay calm under pressure.

翻譯:他的優點是創造力、注重細節,還有就是… 沒有… 他在壓力下保持冷靜的能力。

請注意:以上這些口語用法非常隨意,主要用於非正式對話。在正式寫作、報告或學術文章中,應避免這樣使用「without」,應使用更完整、結構清晰的句子。

常見短語

What common collocations use "Without"?What fixed phrases with "Without" should I remember?

without a doubt

without a doubt

毫無疑問,肯定地

do without

do without (something)

沒有…也行;將就

go without saying

it goes without saying that...

不言而喻;理所當然

without fail

without fail

必定;每次都

without delay

without delay

立即;毫不拖延地

without notice

without (prior) notice

未經事先通知

without exception

without exception

無一例外

常見錯誤

What are common mistakes with "Without"?Which "Without" sentences look correct but are wrong?

×I can't live without you.

I can't live without you.

這個句子本身是正確的,但學習者常誤以為 'without' 後面只能接名詞或代名詞。實際上,'without' 後面可以接動名詞 (V-ing) 來表示「沒有做某事」。

×I went out without my umbrella.

I went out without my umbrella.

這個句子本身是正確的,但學習者常誤用 'without' 來表達「忘記帶某物」,而更自然的說法可能是 'forgot to bring'。'without' 強調的是「在缺乏某物的狀態下」做某事。

×Without your help, I couldn't finish the work.

Without your help, I wouldn't have been able to finish the work.

在談論過去的假設情況(與事實相反)時,'without' 引導的條件句常需搭配虛擬語氣。簡單過去式 'couldn't' 可能暗示真的沒完成,但這裡想表達的是「如果沒有你的幫助,我本來無法完成(但實際上完成了)」。

×She is a person without afraid.

She is a person without fear.

'without' 是介系詞,後面必須接名詞、代名詞或動名詞,不能直接接形容詞。'afraid' 是形容詞,必須改為名詞形式 'fear'。

×I did it without to ask anyone.

I did it without asking anyone.

'without' 後面接動詞時,必須使用動名詞 (V-ing) 形式,不能接不定詞 'to do'。

×We cannot survive without water and without air.

We cannot survive without water or air.

在否定句中,並列兩個不可或缺的事物時,通常使用 'or' 而非 'and' 來連接,因為否定涵蓋了所有列舉項。使用 'and' 在邏輯上會變成「我們不能沒有水『並且』沒有空氣」,這與原意不符。原意是「我們不能沒有水『或』空氣(兩者缺一不可)」。

詞形變化

What are the word forms of "Without"?What are tense/participle forms of "Without"?