Whom Meaning(定義、用法、例句與發音)

whom

pronoun

快速理解

What does "Whom" mean?What are 2-3 core uses of "Whom"?

「whom」是「who」的受格形式,在正式英語中作為受詞使用。

  1. 1

    疑問代名詞 (受詞)

    EN: Whom did you see?

    翻譯: 你見到了誰?

  2. 2

    關係代名詞 (受詞)

    EN: The person whom you met is my boss.

    翻譯: 你見到的那個人是我的老闆。

  3. 3

    介系詞的受詞

    EN: To whom should I address the letter?

    翻譯: 我該把這封信寄給誰?

小提醒:在口語或非正式場合中,常用「who」來代替「whom」作為受詞(例如:Who did you call?),但在正式寫作或考試中,仍需區分兩者。

發音(How to Pronounce "Whom" in English

How to pronounce "Whom" in English?"Whom" US vs UK pronunciation

點擊下方的 US / UK 按鈕可播放發音。

Real-life Examples of "Whom" from YouTube Videos

Billy Graham: Technology, faith and human shortcomings

TED

I went to Ambassador Dobrynin, whom I knew very well, And I'd been to Russia several times under the Communists and they'd given me marvelous freedom that I didn't expect.

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Definitions(定義)

What are the definitions of "Whom"?How does "Whom" change by context?

1. used as the object of a verb or preposition to refer to which person or people

用作動詞或介系詞的受詞,指代哪個人或哪些人

To whom did you give the letter?

你把信給了誰?

She is the person with whom I discussed the project.

她就是和我討論這個專案的那個人。

Whom are you inviting to the party?

你邀請了誰來參加派對?

2. used in relative clauses to refer to a person or people previously mentioned

用於關係子句中,指代先前提到的人或人們

The man whom you met yesterday is my uncle.

你昨天遇到的那位男士是我的叔叔。

She has many friends, most of whom live abroad.

她有很多朋友,其中大多數住在國外。

This is the candidate for whom I voted.

這就是我投票支持的那位候選人。

3. used after a preposition at the beginning of a question or clause

用於疑問句或子句開頭的介系詞之後

From whom did you receive this information?

你是從誰那裡得到這個消息的?

To whom it may concern, ...

敬啟者,……

With whom are you collaborating on this research?

你在和誰合作進行這項研究?

Grammar & Patterns(句型)

What are common sentence patterns for "Whom"?How to make natural sentences with "Whom"?
PatternMeaningExample
preposition + whom介系詞後接的受格關係代名詞He is the person to whom I sent the email. (他就是我寄電子郵件給的那個人。)
whom + clause (as object)引導關係子句,在子句中作為受詞The woman whom you met yesterday is my professor. (你昨天遇到的那位女士是我的教授。)
whom + to + V在疑問句或名詞子句中,作為不定詞的受詞I don't know whom to ask for help. (我不知道該向誰求助。)
for whom為誰(表示對象)For whom did you buy this gift? (你為誰買了這份禮物?)

用法說明

How is "Whom" different from similar structures?What usage mistakes are common with "Whom"?

whom vs. who

  • Whomwho 的受格形式,在正式英語中,當它在子句中作為動詞或介系詞的受詞時使用。
  • Who 是主格形式,在子句中作為主詞時使用。
  • 在口語和非正式場合,who 常被用來取代 whom,尤其是在疑問句開頭時。
  • 一個簡單的檢查方法是:如果可以將答案替換為 him/her/them,則應使用 whom;如果可以替換為 he/she/they,則應使用 who

對比例句: EN: To whom did you give the book? 翻譯: 你把書給了誰?

EN:Who gave you the book?

翻譯:是誰給了你這本書?

EN:She is the person whom I met yesterday.

翻譯:她就是我昨天遇見的那個人。

EN:She is the person who called you.

翻譯:她就是打電話給你的那個人。

總結建議

在正式寫作中,請根據其在子句中的文法功能(主詞用 who,受詞用 whom)來區分使用,但在日常口語中,用 who 來開始問句是完全可接受的。

易混淆對比

What is the difference between "Whom" and similar words?How to choose "Whom" vs alternatives?

whom vs who

"whom" 是受格,用於動詞或介系詞之後;"who" 是主格,用於主詞位置。在口語中,"who" 常取代 "whom"。

whom vs whomever

"whom" 指特定對象;"whomever" 是 "whom" 的強調或泛指形式,意為「任何…的人」。

whom vs which

"whom" 用於指人(受格);"which" 用於指事物或動物。兩者皆可引導關係子句。

口語用法

How is "Whom" used in spoken English?What is the spoken vs formal difference for "Whom"?

引述

在口語中,當重複或引述別人剛說過的話時,會使用「whom」來確認或強調所指的對象。 EN: A: "I saw the manager yesterday." B: "The manager? Whom did you see?" 翻譯: A: 「我昨天見到經理了。」 B: 「經理?你見到誰了?」

EN:So you met someone at the party. Whom, exactly?

翻譯:所以你在派對上認識了某人。具體是誰呢?

語氣強調

為了使提問聽起來更正式、更強調,或在略帶諷刺、戲劇化的情境下,口語中會刻意使用「whom」。 EN: And to whom do I owe the pleasure of this surprise visit? 翻譯: 那麼,我該把這次驚喜來訪的榮幸歸功於誰呢?

EN:You're giving advice? To whom? You've never done this yourself!

翻譯:你在給建議?給誰啊?你自己從來沒做過這件事!

停頓填充

說話者在組織思緒、尋找下一個詞時,可能會用「whom」作為一個短暫的填充詞,尤其在問句開頭。 EN: The award goes to... whom was it again? Oh, right, Dr. Chen. 翻譯: 這個獎項要頒給...是誰來著?哦,對了,是陳博士。

EN:We need to appoint a leader. Whom... should we choose?

翻譯:我們需要任命一位領導者。誰...我們該選誰呢?

正式寫作注意:在正式書面語(如學術論文、商業報告、官方文件)中,應嚴格遵循「whom」在賓格位置的文法規則。上述口語中的彈性用法或刻意省略,在正式寫作中通常被視為不正確,應使用「whom」來正確引導關係子句或作為介系詞的受詞(例如:"the person to whom we referred")。

常見短語

What common collocations use "Whom"?What fixed phrases with "Whom" should I remember?

to whom

preposition + whom

給誰;對誰

of whom

preposition + whom

…的其中一些人

for whom

preposition + whom

為誰

with whom

preposition + whom

與誰一起

by whom

preposition + whom

被誰

whom

relative pronoun (object)

(關係代名詞,指受詞)…的人

whom

interrogative pronoun (object)

(疑問代名詞,指受詞)誰

常見錯誤

What are common mistakes with "Whom"?Which "Whom" sentences look correct but are wrong?

×Who did you give the book to?

Whom did you give the book to?

在正式英語中,當代詞作為動詞或介系詞的受詞時,應使用 "whom"。此處 "whom" 是介系詞 "to" 的受詞。

×The person whom is speaking is my teacher.

The person who is speaking is my teacher.

當代詞在子句中擔任主詞時,應使用 "who"。此處 "who" 是子句 "who is speaking" 的主詞,描述 "the person"。

×She is the one whom I think will win.

She is the one who I think will win.

在關係子句中,如果代詞是嵌套子句(如 "I think (she) will win")的主詞,即使前面有 "I think" 等插入語,仍應使用主格 "who"。

×To who should I address the letter?

To whom should I address the letter?

當代詞緊接在介系詞(如 to, for, with, by)之後作為受詞時,在正式文體中必須使用 "whom"。

×Whom is responsible for this project?

Who is responsible for this project?

在疑問句中,如果代詞是句子的主詞(後接動詞如 is, are, was, were),應使用 "who"。此處 "who" 是動詞 "is" 的主詞。

×I don't know whom to ask.

I don't know who to ask.

在口語和非正式英語中,即使代詞在文法上是動詞 "ask" 的受詞,也常用 "who" 來代替 "whom"。在現代英語中,這種用法已被廣泛接受,尤其是在非正式場合。

詞形變化

What are the word forms of "Whom"?What are tense/participle forms of "Whom"?