Virus Meaning(定義、用法、例句與發音)

virus

noun

快速理解

What does "Virus" mean?What are 2-3 core uses of "Virus"?

一種微小的感染性病原體,或指電腦中的惡意程式。

  1. 1

    生物病毒

    EN: A microscopic infectious agent that replicates inside living cells.

    翻譯: 一種微小的感染性病原體,需要在活細胞內複製。

  2. 2

    電腦病毒

    EN: A piece of code that spreads between computers, damaging software or data.

    翻譯: 一種在電腦間傳播的程式碼,會損壞軟體或資料。

  3. 3

    比喻性傳播

    EN: Something that spreads quickly and has a harmful influence.

    翻譯: 指像病毒般快速傳播並造成有害影響的事物。

小提醒:注意「virus」在生物學和電腦科學中的不同中文翻譯:生物學用「病毒」,電腦領域常用「電腦病毒」或簡稱「病毒」。

發音(How to Pronounce "Virus" in English

How to pronounce "Virus" in English?"Virus" US vs UK pronunciation

點擊下方的 US / UK 按鈕可播放發音。

Real-life Examples of "Virus" from YouTube Videos

Tyler DeWitt: Hey science teachers -- make it fun

TED

Maybe he ate something bad for lunch, And then things get really horrible as his skin rips apart and he sees a virus coming out from his insides.

(1 out of 33)

Definitions(定義)

What are the definitions of "Virus"?How does "Virus" change by context?

1. a very small infectious agent that can only reproduce inside the living cells of an organism

一種只能在生物活細胞內繁殖的微小感染性病原體

The common cold is often caused by a virus.

普通感冒通常是由病毒引起的。

Scientists are studying the structure of the new virus.

科學家正在研究這種新病毒的結構。

2. a disease or illness caused by such an agent

由病毒引起的疾病

She caught a stomach virus and had to stay home.

她感染了腸胃型病毒,必須待在家裡。

The school closed temporarily due to a virus outbreak.

學校因病毒爆發而暫時關閉。

3. a piece of code that is designed to damage or gain unauthorized access to a computer system

一段旨在破壞或未經授權存取電腦系統的程式碼

My computer got infected with a virus after I opened a suspicious email.

在我打開一封可疑的電子郵件後,我的電腦感染了病毒。

You should install antivirus software to protect against viruses.

你應該安裝防毒軟體來防範病毒。

4. something that spreads quickly and has a harmful influence

迅速傳播並產生有害影響的事物

Rumors can spread like a virus through social media.

謠言可以像病毒一樣透過社群媒體傳播。

The virus of fear affected the entire community.

恐懼的病毒影響了整個社區。

Grammar & Patterns(句型)

What are common sentence patterns for "Virus"?How to make natural sentences with "Virus"?
PatternMeaningExample
a + virus一種病毒A new virus was discovered in the lab. (實驗室裡發現了一種新病毒。)
the + virus這種/該病毒The virus spread rapidly across the country. (這種病毒在該國迅速傳播。)
virus + that/which......的病毒They are studying the virus which causes the disease. (他們正在研究引發這種疾病的病毒。)
contract/catch a virus感染病毒He caught a virus and had to stay home. (他感染了病毒,必須待在家裡。)
computer virus電腦病毒My laptop was infected by a computer virus. (我的筆記型電腦感染了電腦病毒。)
fight/combat a virus對抗病毒Scientists are working to combat the virus. (科學家們正致力於對抗這種病毒。)
virus + spreads/mutates病毒傳播/變異The virus mutated into a more contagious strain. (該病毒變異成傳染性更強的毒株。)
be infected with a virus被病毒感染The patient was infected with a rare virus. (這名病人感染了一種罕見的病毒。)

用法說明

How is "Virus" different from similar structures?What usage mistakes are common with "Virus"?

virus 與 a virus

  • 在泛指「病毒」這種微生物或電腦程式概念時,virus 常作為不可數名詞使用,前面不加冠詞。
  • 當指稱一個具體的、特定的病毒實體(如某個樣本、某次感染中的病毒)時,則使用可數名詞 a virus
  • 在醫學或生物學的正式語境中,即使泛指,也常使用可數形式 viruses 來表示多種類型或多次出現的病毒。

對比例句: EN: The computer is protected against virus infection. 翻譯: 這台電腦有防病毒感染保護。

EN:They have identified a new virus in the lab.

翻譯:他們在實驗室裡鑑定出一種新病毒。

對比例句: EN: Virus can spread rapidly in crowded places. 翻譯: 病毒在擁擠場所可能迅速傳播。

EN:Several viruses were found in the water sample.

翻譯:在水樣中發現了數種病毒。

總結建議

在一般性討論時常省略冠詞,但在指稱具體、單一的病毒個體時,務必使用冠詞 athe

易混淆對比

What is the difference between "Virus" and similar words?How to choose "Virus" vs alternatives?

virus vs bacteria

病毒是必須侵入宿主細胞才能複製的微小感染源;細菌是單細胞生物,可獨立生存與繁殖。

virus vs malware

在電腦領域,virus(病毒)是會自我複製並感染其他程式的惡意軟體;malware(惡意軟體)是所有有害軟體的總稱。

virus vs germ

germ(病菌)是泛指所有可能致病的微生物;virus(病毒)是其中一種特定類型,比細菌更小且結構不同。

口語用法

How is "Virus" used in spoken English?What is the spoken vs formal difference for "Virus"?

引述

在對話中,人們有時會用「virus」來引述或轉述他人的說法,尤其是關於健康或科技問題時。 EN: She was like, "I think my computer has a virus," and then it crashed. 翻譯: 她當時說:「我覺得我的電腦中毒了。」然後它就當機了。

EN:He kept saying, "It's just a virus, it'll pass," but I was really worried.

翻譯:他一直說:「只是病毒而已,會好的。」但我真的很擔心。

語氣強調

在日常對話中,「virus」常被用來強調某種事物像病毒一樣具有傳染性或快速散播的特性。 EN: That meme is spreading like a virus, everyone's sharing it. 翻譯: 那個迷因像病毒一樣擴散,每個人都在轉發。

EN:The rumor about the layoffs went viral in the office—it was like a virus.

翻譯:關於裁員的謠言在辦公室裡瘋傳——簡直像病毒一樣。

停頓填充

在組織思緒或尋找合適詞語時,說話者可能會用「virus」作為一個暫時的停頓點,尤其是在討論相關話題時。 EN: The issue with the software was... a virus... or maybe just a bad update. 翻譯: 那個軟體的問題是…病毒…或者可能只是更新失敗。

EN:I couldn't open the file because of, you know, a possible virus or something.

翻譯:我打不開那個檔案,因為,你知道,可能是病毒還是什麼的。

正式寫作注意:在正式報告、學術論文或專業信件中,應避免上述口語用法。請使用更精確、客觀的術語,例如「viral infection」、「malicious software」或具體的病毒名稱(如「influenza virus」、「ransomware」),並避免使用比喻性或填充停頓的用法,以保持文體的嚴謹性。

常見短語

What common collocations use "Virus"?What fixed phrases with "Virus" should I remember?

computer virus

noun + virus

電腦病毒

spread a virus

verb + a virus

傳播病毒

infected with a virus

be + adjective phrase

感染病毒

a strain of the virus

a strain of + noun

一種病毒株

kill the virus

verb + the virus

殺死病毒

virus outbreak

virus + noun

病毒爆發

a latent virus

adjective + virus

潛伏性病毒

immune to the virus

adjective + prepositional phrase

對病毒免疫

常見錯誤

What are common mistakes with "Virus"?Which "Virus" sentences look correct but are wrong?

×I have a virus in my computer.

I have a virus on my computer.

在英文中,描述電腦感染病毒時,慣用介系詞是 "on" 而非 "in"。"in my computer" 聽起來像是病毒存在於電腦的物理內部(例如硬體中),而 "on my computer" 則指存在於電腦系統或軟體上,更符合語意。

×There are many viruses in the hospital.

There are many viruses circulating in the hospital.

雖然 "There are many viruses" 在文法上正確,但在描述病毒傳播或存在於某環境時,使用 "circulating", "going around", "present" 等詞會讓句子更自然、語意更完整。單獨說 "viruses in the hospital" 可能讓人誤解為病毒樣本存放在醫院裡。

×He is sick with virus.

He is sick with a virus.

"Virus" 作為可數名詞,指一種特定的病毒或一次病毒感染時,前面需要不定冠詞 "a"。只有在泛指病毒這個概念,或作為不可數名詞指病毒感染時(較少見),才可能不用冠詞,例如 "The patient has virus in the blood"(醫學語境)。一般生病情境下必須用 "a virus"。

×Antibiotics can kill viruses.

Antibiotics are ineffective against viruses.

這是常見的科學概念錯誤。抗生素 (antibiotics) 只能用來對抗細菌 (bacteria),對病毒 (viruses) 無效。治療病毒感染的藥物稱為抗病毒藥物 (antiviral drugs)。混淆兩者可能導致用藥錯誤。

×My computer destroyed a virus.

My computer was infected by a virus. / My antivirus software removed a virus.

電腦本身不會主動 "destroy"(摧毀)病毒。正確的動詞搭配取決於情境:電腦 "is infected by"(被感染)、"has"(有)病毒;防毒軟體 "detects"(偵測)、"removes"(移除)、"quarantines"(隔離)或 "scans for"(掃描)病毒。

詞形變化

What are the word forms of "Virus"?What are tense/participle forms of "Virus"?