Not Meaning(定義、用法、例句與發音)

not

auxiliary

快速理解

What does "Not" mean?What are 2-3 core uses of "Not"?

「not」是英文中最基本的否定詞,用於否定動詞、形容詞或其他詞語,構成否定句。

  1. 1

    否定陳述

    EN: I do not know.

    翻譯: 我不知道。

  2. 2

    否定助動詞

    EN: She cannot come.

    翻譯: 她不能來。

  3. 3

    形成否定疑問句

    EN: Is it not raining?

    翻譯: 沒有在下雨嗎?

  4. 4

    用於部分否定

    EN: Not all students passed.

    翻譯: 並非所有學生都通過了。

小提醒:注意「not」在縮寫時的位置,如「isn't」、「don't」、「can't」。在正式寫作中,通常避免使用縮寫形式。

發音(How to Pronounce "Not" in English

How to pronounce "Not" in English?"Not" US vs UK pronunciation

點擊下方的 US / UK 按鈕可播放發音。

Real-life Examples of "Not" from YouTube Videos

South Korea would accept Trump-Kim deal to freeze North Korea’s nuclear programme | BBC News

BBC News

The North Korean leader, Kim Jong-un, has suggested that he's willing to negotiate with Donald Trump on condition that the US did not insist Pyongyang gives up its nuclear weapons.

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Definitions(定義)

What are the definitions of "Not"?How does "Not" change by context?

1. used to make a verb, clause, or sentence negative

用於使動詞、子句或句子表示否定

I do not like coffee.

我不喜歡咖啡。

She is not coming to the party.

她不會來參加派對。

They have not finished their homework.

他們還沒寫完功課。

2. used to form a negative question or tag question

用於構成否定疑問句或附加問句

Is it not raining outside?

外面不是在下雨嗎?

You're coming, are you not?

你會來的,不是嗎?

Did they not tell you about the meeting?

他們沒告訴你開會的事嗎?

3. used after 'hope', 'expect', 'believe', etc., to introduce a negative clause

用於 'hope'、'expect'、'believe' 等詞之後,引導否定子句

I hope not to be late.

我希望不要遲到。

She expects not to see him again.

她預期不會再見到他。

We believe it's not true.

我們相信那不是真的。

4. used to give a negative meaning to other words or phrases

用於賦予其他詞語或片語否定意義

Not everyone agrees with you.

不是每個人都同意你。

He ate not a single bite.

他一口都沒吃。

It happened not long ago.

這件事是不久前發生的。

5. used to correct or soften a previous statement

用於修正或緩和先前的陳述

She is smart, not just hardworking.

她很聰明,而不僅僅是勤奮。

I'll be there at six, not seven.

我會六點到,不是七點。

It's a good plan, not a perfect one.

這是個好計劃,但不是完美的計劃。

Grammar & Patterns(句型)

What are common sentence patterns for "Not"?How to make natural sentences with "Not"?
PatternMeaningExample
not + V (auxiliary/modal)否定主要動詞He will not come tomorrow. (他明天不會來。)
not + V-ing否定進行式She is not working today. (她今天沒有在工作。)
not + V-ed否定被動語態The door was not locked. (門沒有被鎖上。)
not + adjective/adverb否定形容詞或副詞This coffee is not hot. (這咖啡不熱。)
not + noun phrase否定名詞片語He is not a teacher. (他不是老師。)
not + prepositional phrase否定介系詞片語The keys are not in the drawer. (鑰匙不在抽屜裡。)
not + clause否定子句I think that is not true. (我認為那不是真的。)
not ... but ...不是…而是…It is not expensive but cheap. (它不貴,反而很便宜。)
not only ... but also ...不僅…而且…She is not only smart but also diligent. (她不僅聰明而且勤奮。)
not + V (imperative)祈使句的否定Do not touch the wire. (不要碰那條電線。)

用法說明

How is "Not" different from similar structures?What usage mistakes are common with "Not"?

not doing vs not to do

  • not doing 通常用於描述一個正在進行或持續的否定狀態,或作為動名詞(gerund)結構的一部分。
  • not to do 則常用於表達目的、意圖、或作為不定詞(infinitive)結構的一部分,特別是在某些動詞(如 tell, ask, decide)之後。
  • advise, recommend, forbid 等動詞後,not doingnot to do 有時可互換,但 not doing 可能更強調行為本身,而 not to do 更強調指令或意圖。
  • see, hear, feel 等感官動詞後,通常使用 not doing 來表示感知到動作的一部分未發生。

對比範例: EN: I regret not telling her the truth. 翻譯: 我後悔沒有告訴她真相。

EN:He decided not to go to the party.

翻譯:他決定不去參加派對。

總結建議

一般來說,記住 not + V-ing 常與介系詞或特定動詞搭配描述狀態,而 not + to + V 則常用於表達決定、目的或跟在某些動詞後作為受詞。

易混淆對比

What is the difference between "Not" and similar words?How to choose "Not" vs alternatives?

not vs no

「not」是副詞,用於否定動詞、形容詞或另一個副詞;「no」是限定詞或感嘆詞,用於否定名詞或表示拒絕。

not vs never

「not」表示一般性的否定;「never」表示「從不」,是對頻率的絕對否定。

not vs don't

「not」是獨立的否定副詞;「don't」是「do not」的縮寫,是助動詞「do」與「not」的結合。

口語用法

How is "Not" used in spoken English?What is the spoken vs formal difference for "Not"?

引述

在口語中,常將「not」附在動詞後,用於簡短引述或確認對方所說的否定內容。 EN: A: I can't go tomorrow. B: You can not? 翻譯: A: 我明天不能去。 B: 你不能去嗎?

EN:So you're telling me he did not apologize at all?

翻譯:所以你是說他完全沒有道歉?

語氣強調

透過重音或拉長音節來強調「not」,表達強烈的否定或糾正。 EN: I did NOT eat your cake! (Someone is accusing you) 翻譯: 我「才沒有」吃你的蛋糕!

EN:That is not okay. (Expressing strong disapproval)

翻譯:那樣「絕對」不行。

停頓填充

在思考或組織語句時,將「not」置於句中作為一種口語填充,使語氣不那麼直接或絕對。 EN: It's... not the best idea, but we could try. 翻譯: 這...不算是最好的主意,但我們可以試試。

EN:I'm not, you know, not interested, I just need more time.

翻譯:我並不是,那個,沒興趣,我只是需要多點時間。

正式書寫注意:上述口語用法(尤其是「停頓填充」和過於簡短的「引述」形式)在正式寫作、學術論文或商業文件中應避免使用,應改用完整、結構清晰的句子來表達否定。

常見短語

What common collocations use "Not"?What fixed phrases with "Not" should I remember?

not at all

not at all

一點也不;根本不;別客氣(回應感謝)

if not

if not

如果不;即使不;甚至可能

not only ... but also ...

not only [clause/phrase] but also [clause/phrase]

不僅…而且…

whether or not

whether or not

是否;無論是否

not to mention

not to mention [noun/phrase]

更不用說;此外還有

not very

not very [adjective/adverb]

不很;不太

not everyone/everything

not everyone/everything

並非每個人/每件事

... or not

[clause/question] or not

…與否

常見錯誤

What are common mistakes with "Not"?Which "Not" sentences look correct but are wrong?

×I not like coffee.

I do not like coffee.

在否定主要動詞時,必須使用助動詞(do/does/did)加上 not,不能直接將 not 放在主要動詞前。

×He can to not go.

He cannot go. / He can not go.

情態助動詞(can, will, should 等)後直接加 not,中間不加 'to'。'cannot' 通常寫成一個字。

×I am not like it.

I do not like it.

當 'like' 是主要動詞(表示喜好)時,否定需用 'do not like'。'am not' 用於否定形容詞或現在進行式,例如:I am not happy. / I am not running.

×Not I have a car.

I do not have a car.

否定句的基本結構是「主詞 + 助動詞 + not + 主要動詞...」。不能將 not 置於句首來否定陳述句(除非是祈使句,如:Not now.)。

×Is not he coming?

Is he not coming? / Isn't he coming?

在疑問句中,not 通常與助動詞縮寫(如 isn't, don't)並置於主詞前,或將 not 放在主詞之後(較正式)。不應將完整的 'not' 放在主詞前。

×I hope not it rains tomorrow.

I hope it does not rain tomorrow.

'Hope' 後接 that 子句時,否定詞 'not' 必須放在子句的動詞前,構成「主詞 + 助動詞 + not + 動詞」的結構,不能直接放在 'hope' 與子句之間。

詞形變化

What are the word forms of "Not"?What are tense/participle forms of "Not"?