達爾文主義是基於達爾文理論的演化思想體系。
核心理論
EN: The scientific theory of evolution by natural selection.
翻譯: 指由自然選擇驅動演化的科學理論。
思想體系
EN: The broader intellectual movement based on Darwin's ideas.
翻譯: 指基於達爾文思想所發展出的更廣泛的知識與思想體系。
社會應用
EN: The application of evolutionary principles to social phenomena (e.g., Social Darwinism).
翻譯: 指將演化原則應用於社會現象（如社會達爾文主義）。
小提醒：注意：Darwinism 常特指達爾文提出的「自然選擇」理論，是演化論的一種，但並非所有演化論都等同於達爾文主義。
點擊下方的 US / UK 按鈕可播放發音。
Real-life Examples of "Darwinism" from YouTube Videos
Lee Smolin: How science is like democracy
TED
“That was the triumph of Neo-Darwinism and so forth. And slowly that idea is leaking out to the cognitive sciences, the human sciences, economics, et cetera.”
1. the theory of biological evolution developed by Charles Darwin, emphasizing natural selection and common descent
由查爾斯·達爾文提出的生物演化理論，強調自然選擇和共同起源
Darwinism fundamentally changed our understanding of the natural world.
達爾文主義從根本上改變了我們對自然世界的理解。
The principles of Darwinism are central to modern biology.
達爾文主義的原則是現代生物學的核心。
2. a social or philosophical application of Darwin's evolutionary principles, often to justify competition in society
達爾文演化原理在社會或哲學上的應用，常用來為社會中的競爭辯護
Social Darwinism was used to justify laissez-faire capitalism and imperialism.
社會達爾文主義曾被用來為自由放任的資本主義和帝國主義辯護。
Critics argue that applying Darwinism to economics is a dangerous oversimplification.
批評者認為將達爾文主義應用於經濟學是一種危險的過度簡化。
3. a worldview or belief system centered on the principles of evolution and natural selection
一種以演化和自然選擇原則為中心的世界觀或信仰體系
For him, Darwinism was not just a scientific theory but a complete philosophy of life.
對他而言，達爾文主義不僅僅是一個科學理論，而是一種完整的人生哲學。
The debate often pits religious faith against a materialistic Darwinism.
這場辯論常常是宗教信仰與唯物主義的達爾文主義之間的對立。
| Pattern | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Darwinism + verb | 達爾文主義 + 動詞 | Darwinism explains the diversity of life through natural selection. (達爾文主義透過自然選擇解釋了生命的多樣性。) |
| the principles of Darwinism | 達爾文主義的原則 | The principles of Darwinism were controversial in his time. (達爾文主義的原則在他所處的時代頗具爭議。) |
| a critique of Darwinism | 對達爾文主義的批判 | The book presents a thorough critique of Darwinism. (這本書對達爾文主義提出了全面的批判。) |
| subscribe to Darwinism | 信奉達爾文主義 | Few biologists today subscribe strictly to classical Darwinism. (現今很少有生物學家嚴格信奉古典達爾文主義。) |
| Darwinism + as + noun phrase | 達爾文主義作為... | They viewed Darwinism as a threat to religious beliefs. (他們將達爾文主義視為對宗教信仰的威脅。) |
對比例句： EN: Modern biology is deeply influenced by the principles of Darwinism. 翻譯: 現代生物學深受達爾文主義原則的影響。
EN:Critics argue that Social Darwinism was used to justify laissez-faire capitalism and imperialism.
翻譯:批評者認為，社會達爾文主義曾被用來為自由放任資本主義和帝國主義辯護。
在嚴謹寫作中，應明確區分指生物演化論的 "Darwinism" 與將其概念社會化的 "Social Darwinism"，以避免誤解。
darwinism vs evolution
Darwinism 特指達爾文提出的演化理論體系，而 evolution 是更廣泛的「演化」過程或概念。
darwinism vs creationism
Darwinism 是基於自然證據的科學理論，creationism 是基於宗教經典的神創論。
darwinism vs social darwinism
Darwinism 是生物學理論，social Darwinism 是將其概念誤用於社會領域的意識形態。
在對話中，當引述或提及他人觀點時，常用來表示「所謂的...」或「人們常說的...」，帶有輕微的距離感或客觀轉述的意味。 EN: He went on a long rant about social Darwinism and how it explains everything. 翻譯: 他長篇大論地講述社會達爾文主義，以及它如何解釋一切。
EN:I'm not a fan of that kind of economic Darwinism she was promoting.
翻譯:我不太認同她鼓吹的那種經濟達爾文主義。
在非正式討論中，常在詞尾加上語氣詞或使用特定句式，來強調其影響力、爭議性或作為一種比喻，語氣可能帶有批判或諷刺。 EN: It's just corporate Darwinism—only the biggest survive. 翻譯: 這根本就是企業達爾文主義嘛——只有最大的才能生存。
EN:Oh, so it's survival of the fittest? That's pure Darwinism right there.
翻譯:哦，所以是適者生存？這根本就是純粹的達爾文主義啊。
在組織思緒或尋找合適詞彙時，可能用作一個「概念錨點」，引出後續關於競爭、淘汰或自然選擇的討論。 EN: The market operates on a sort of... Darwinism, I guess you could say. 翻譯: 市場的運作基於一種... 達爾文主義，我想你可以這麼說。
EN:Their management style is very much about, well, Darwinism within teams.
翻譯:他們的管理風格非常強調，嗯，團隊內部的達爾文主義。
正式寫作注意：在學術或正式寫作中，應避免上述口語用法。需明確指出是「達爾文的演化論」、「社會達爾文主義思潮」或「達爾文主義原則」等，並提供準確的定義和上下文，以確保論述的嚴謹性，避免因口語化的泛指而產生誤解或過度簡化。
social Darwinism
noun phrase
社會達爾文主義（將達爾文理論應用於人類社會，主張優勝劣汰的社會哲學）
neo-Darwinism
noun phrase
新達爾文主義（結合了達爾文自然選擇學說與現代遺傳學的現代演化綜合理論）
embrace Darwinism
verb + noun
接受/信奉達爾文主義
challenge Darwinism
verb + noun
挑戰達爾文主義
principles of Darwinism
noun + of + noun
達爾文主義的原則
Darwinism applies to
noun + verb + to
達爾文主義適用於...
critic of Darwinism
noun + of + noun
達爾文主義的批評者
×He studied the principles of darwinism.
✓He studied the principles of Darwinism.
Darwinism is a proper noun derived from Charles Darwin's name and should be capitalized.
×He is a strong believer in darwinism.
✓He is a strong believer in Darwinism.
Darwinism is an uncountable noun referring to a theory or system of thought. It does not take an indefinite article ('a' or 'an') before it.
×There are many different darwinisms in scientific history.
✓There are many different interpretations of Darwinism in scientific history.
Darwinism is generally used as an uncountable, singular concept. To discuss variations, use phrases like 'interpretations of Darwinism' or 'forms of Darwinism' instead of a plural form.
×Darwinism's theory explains natural selection.
✓Darwin's theory explains natural selection. / The theory of Darwinism explains natural selection.
Avoid using the possessive form ('Darwinism's') directly with 'theory'. It is clearer to use 'Darwin's theory' (referring to the person) or 'the theory of Darwinism' (referring to the ideology).
×Darwinism is the same as evolution.
✓Darwinism is a specific theory explaining the mechanism of evolution through natural selection.
Darwinism is not synonymous with the general concept of evolution. Evolution is the broader phenomenon of biological change over time, while Darwinism is Charles Darwin's specific explanatory framework for how evolution occurs.
×That is a very darwinism idea.
✓That is a very Darwinian idea.
The adjective form related to Darwinism is 'Darwinian', not 'darwinism'. Use 'Darwinian' to describe ideas, principles, or analyses based on Darwin's theory.