指國家或群體之間的大規模武裝衝突。
武裝衝突
EN: a state of armed conflict between countries or groups
翻譯: 國家或群體之間的武裝衝突狀態
戰爭時期
EN: a period of such conflict
翻譯: 一段戰爭時期
激烈競爭或對抗
EN: a fierce struggle or competition between opponents
翻譯: 對手之間的激烈鬥爭或競爭
對抗特定問題的運動
EN: a sustained effort to deal with a particular problem
翻譯: 為解決特定問題而進行的持續努力
小提醒：注意 'war' 與 'battle' 的區別：'war' 指整體戰爭，'battle' 指戰爭中的一場戰役。
點擊下方的 US / UK 按鈕可播放發音。
Real-life Examples of "War" from YouTube Videos
UK tells Israel not to retaliate as France set to recognise Palestinian state | BBC News
BBC News
“We have been clear, and I have been clear to the Israeli foreign minister, we have been clear to the Israeli government, that they must not do that The idea that Gaza, devastated by war, and the West Bank filled with Israeli settlements, could form a single state might seem a distant prospect, And Israel's Prime Minister, Benjamin Netanyahu, said it would never happen, saying a Palestinian state would be a terrorist state.”
1. a state of armed conflict between different countries or different groups within a country
戰爭，指不同國家或同一國家內不同群體之間的武裝衝突狀態
The country declared war on its neighbor.
該國向其鄰國宣戰。
Many soldiers lost their lives in the war.
許多士兵在戰爭中喪生。
The civil war divided the nation for years.
這場內戰使國家分裂了多年。
2. a sustained effort to deal with or end a particular problem or threat
為應對或終結特定問題或威脅而進行的持續努力
The government launched a war on drugs.
政府發起了一場反毒戰爭。
Scientists are waging a war against the disease.
科學家們正在對抗這種疾病。
The company is in a price war with its competitors.
該公司正與競爭對手進行價格戰。
3. a state of competition, conflict, or hostility between different groups or concepts
不同群體或概念之間的競爭、衝突或敵對狀態
There was a constant war of words between the two politicians.
這兩位政治人物之間不斷有口水戰。
The class war between the rich and the poor intensified.
貧富之間的階級鬥爭加劇了。
It felt like a war of attrition between management and the union.
這感覺像是管理層與工會之間的消耗戰。
| Pattern | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| be at war (with + country/group) | （與某國/團體）處於交戰狀態 | The two nations have been at war for three years. (這兩個國家已交戰三年。) |
| declare war (on/against + country/group) | （對某國/團體）宣戰 | The king declared war on the neighboring kingdom. (國王向鄰國宣戰。) |
| go to war (with/against + country/group) | （與/對某國/團體）開戰 | The alliance decided to go to war against the invaders. (聯盟決定對入侵者開戰。) |
| wage war (on/against + enemy/cause) | （對敵人/某事業）發動戰爭 | The government vowed to wage war on terrorism. (政府誓言向恐怖主義發動戰爭。) |
| a war of + [abstract noun, e.g., attrition, words] | 一場…的戰爭（如消耗戰、口水戰） | The conflict turned into a long and costly war of attrition. (這場衝突演變成一場漫長且代價高昂的消耗戰。) |
| the + [adjective, e.g., Cold, civil, world] + War | …戰爭（如冷戰、內戰、世界大戰） | He studied the causes of the Second World War. (他研究了第二次世界大戰的起因。) |
| war + breaks out/erupts | 戰爭爆發 | War broke out after the failed negotiations. (談判失敗後，戰爭爆發了。) |
| war + between + A + and + B | A與B之間的戰爭 | The war between the two factions devastated the region. (兩派系之間的戰爭摧毀了該地區。) |
| in (the) war | 在戰爭中 | Many lives were lost in the war. (許多生命在戰爭中逝去。) |
declare war（宣戰）和 guerrilla warfare（游擊戰）。
EN: The country declared war on its neighbor.
翻譯: 該國向鄰國宣戰。EN:Modern warfare relies heavily on technology and information.
翻譯:現代戰爭高度依賴科技與資訊。
一般來說，指具體的戰爭事件用 war，討論戰爭的形態、方式或抽象概念時則用 warfare。
war vs battle
「war」指國家或群體間長期的武裝衝突狀態；「battle」指戰爭中的具體一場戰役或戰鬥。
war vs conflict
「war」通常指正式宣戰、大規模的武裝衝突；「conflict」含義更廣，可指任何爭端或對立，不一定涉及實際戰鬥。
war vs fight
「war」是大型、有組織的群體衝突；「fight」規模較小，可指個人間的爭鬥、打鬥或比喻性的抗爭。
在對話中，人們常會用「war」來引述或提及一個廣為人知的概念、衝突或比喻。 EN: He said the whole office politics thing felt like a cold war. 翻譯: 他說整個辦公室政治感覺就像一場冷戰。
EN:She described the competition between the two companies as a price war.
翻譯:她將兩家公司間的競爭形容為一場價格戰。
「war」有時會被誇張地使用，以強調衝突的嚴重性或戲劇性，不一定指真實的戰爭。 EN: Stop making it sound like it's a war over who gets the last cookie! 翻譯: 別說得好像爭最後一塊餅乾是一場戰爭一樣！
EN:My mom and I had a full-on war about my curfew last night.
翻譯:昨晚我媽和我為了我的門禁時間大戰了一場。
在非正式交談中，說話者可能會用「the war」或特定戰爭名稱作為停頓點，用來組織思緒或引出背景資訊。 EN: You know, back during the war... things were really different for my grandparents. 翻譯: 你知道，在戰爭期間... 我祖父母的生活真的很不一樣。
EN:It reminds me of that story about the Vietnam War... what was it called again?
翻譯:這讓我想起那個關於越戰的故事... 它叫什麼來著？
正式寫作注意：在學術、新聞或正式報告中，應避免將「war」用於誇張或非字面意義的比喻，除非是公認的術語（如「trade war」）。應使用更精確、中性的詞彙來描述衝突或激烈競爭，例如「intense rivalry」、「major conflict」或「severe dispute」。
declare war
declare war (on/against someone/something)
正式宣戰
wage war
wage war (on/against someone/something)
發動戰爭；作戰
civil war
civil war
內戰
world war
world war
世界大戰
at war
be at war (with someone/something)
處於戰爭狀態；交戰中
tug-of-war
tug-of-war
拔河；激烈的爭奪
warfare
warfare
戰爭；作戰；衝突
war-torn
war-torn (country/region)
飽受戰爭蹂躪的
×There was a war between the two countries for 5 years.
✓There was a war between the two countries that lasted 5 years.
使用 'for + 一段時間' 通常描述一個持續的狀態或動作，但 'war' 作為一個事件，更自然的表達是使用 'that lasted (持續了)' 或 'which went on for' 來修飾。直接說 'a war for 5 years' 聽起來不自然。
×The company is in a price war with its competitors.
✓The company is in a price war with its competitors.
這個句子本身是正確的。常見錯誤是學習者誤以為 'war' 只能用於真實的軍事衝突。實際上，'war' 可比喻性地用於任何激烈、長期的競爭或鬥爭（如貿易戰、口水戰）。關鍵是確認上下文允許這種比喻用法。
×He declared a war against poverty.
✓He declared war on poverty.
表達 '向...宣戰' 的固定搭配是 'declare war on something/somebody'，而不是 'against'。使用錯誤的介系詞是常見錯誤。
×Many war were fought in this region.
✓Many wars were fought in this region.
'War' 作為可數名詞時，指具體的、多次的戰爭，複數形式為 'wars'。當泛指戰爭的概念或狀態時，為不可數名詞。此處指多場具體的戰爭，必須使用複數形式。
×The country is at the war.
✓The country is at war.
短語 'at war' 表示 '處於交戰狀態'，是一個固定搭配，中間不加冠詞 'the'。加入定冠詞是受母語影響的常見錯誤。
×The war of Vietnam had a huge impact.
✓The Vietnam War had a huge impact.
對於有特定名稱的歷史戰爭（如 Vietnam War, Cold War, World War II），其名稱通常是專有名詞，詞序固定，且常大寫。不應使用 'of' 來連接，除非是描述性的短語（如 'the war in Vietnam'）。