作為動詞的 subject 主要表示「使遭受」或「使服從於」某事物。
使遭受
EN: to cause someone or something to experience something unpleasant
翻譯: 使某人或某物經歷不愉快的事
使服從於
EN: to bring under control or authority
翻譯: 使受控制或管轄
提交以供審查
EN: to present for consideration or judgment
翻譯: 提交以供審查或裁決
小提醒：注意 subject 作動詞時，發音重音在第二音節 /səbˈdʒɛkt/，與名詞或形容詞的重音位置不同。
點擊下方的 US / UK 按鈕可播放發音。
Real-life Examples of "Subject" from YouTube Videos
Boghuma Kabisen Titanji: Ethical riddles in HIV research
TED
“Now this is subject to a lot of debate and controversy.”
1. to cause someone or something to experience something, often something unpleasant
使…遭受，使…經歷（常指不愉快的事）
The prisoners were subjected to harsh interrogation.
囚犯們遭受了嚴厲的審訊。
She didn't want to subject her children to the stress of moving again.
她不想讓孩子們再次經歷搬家的壓力。
2. to bring under control or dominion
使臣服，使服從
The Roman Empire subjected many nations to its rule.
羅馬帝國使許多民族臣服於其統治之下。
He sought to subject the rebellious province to his authority.
他試圖讓叛亂的省份服從他的權威。
3. to make liable or answerable to
使受…約束，使受…管轄
All imported goods are subjected to customs inspection.
所有進口貨物都必須接受海關檢查。
The new policy subjects all employees to stricter performance reviews.
新政策規定所有員工都必須接受更嚴格的績效考核。
4. to cause to undergo a process or treatment
使…經受（某種處理或過程）
The samples were subjected to intense heat to test their durability.
樣品被置於高溫下以測試其耐用性。
The theory must be subjected to rigorous scientific testing.
這個理論必須經過嚴格的科學檢驗。
| Pattern | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| subject + to + noun/gerund | 使遭受；使經歷 | The metal was subjected to extreme heat. (這種金屬被置於極度高溫下。) |
| subject + object + to + noun/gerund | 使（某人/某物）遭受（不愉快的事） | The invaders subjected the villagers to harsh treatment. (入侵者使村民遭受了殘酷的對待。) |
| be subjected to + noun/gerund | 遭受；經受 | All applicants are subjected to a rigorous background check. (所有申請者都須經過嚴格的背景調查。) |
| subject + object + to + examination/test | 使接受檢查/測試 | The samples were subjected to chemical analysis. (樣本接受了化學分析。) |
對比例句： EN: The software is subject to updating without prior notice. 翻譯: 該軟體可能會在未事先通知的情況下進行更新。
EN:The contractor is subject to complete the work by the agreed deadline.
翻譯:承包商必須在約定的期限前完成工作。
在表達「使遭受、使經歷」或「取決於」的含義時，使用 subject to + 名詞/動名詞 是最安全且最普遍的選擇。
subject vs submit
subject 強調使某人或某物經歷、遭受某事；submit 則強調順從、屈服或呈交。
subject vs expose
subject 強調使經歷一個過程或狀態；expose 強調揭露、使接觸或暴露於危險。
subject vs undergo
subject 是及物動詞，強調『施加』動作；undergo 也是及物動詞，強調『承受、經歷』過程。
在口語中，當引述或轉述一個可能令人不悅的指令、要求或狀況時，常用被動語態 "be subjected to" 來緩和語氣，暗示這並非說話者的意願。 EN: I was subjected to a really long security check at the airport. 翻譯: 我在機場被要求接受一個超長的安全檢查。
EN:No one should be subjected to that kind of treatment at work.
翻譯:沒有人在工作中應該受到那種對待。
在非正式對話中，有時會用 "subject" 來強調某人被迫經歷或忍受某事，帶有輕微的抱怨或誇張語氣。 EN: Don't subject me to another one of your boring slideshows. 翻譯: 別再讓我忍受你另一場無聊的幻燈片演示了。
EN:I can't believe they subjected us to a three-hour wait.
翻譯:真不敢相信他們讓我們苦等了三個小時。
在較隨意的談話中，思考如何組織句子時，可能會用 "subject to change" 或 "subject to approval" 這類固定片語作為填充，表示條件性或不確定性。 EN: The plan is, uh, subject to change depending on the weather. 翻譯: 這個計劃呢，呃，可能會根據天氣變化而調整。
EN:The budget is... subject to approval from head office.
翻譯:預算是…要等總公司批准才能定案。
正式書寫注意：在正式或學術寫作中，應避免上述口語中的緩和或抱怨語氣。正式寫作應直接、客觀地使用 "subject" 來表示「使遭受」或「取決於」，例如 "The study subjects participants to controlled conditions" 或 "The offer is subject to terms and conditions"。
subject to
subject someone/something to something
使…遭受、經歷或接受（通常為不愉快的事物）
subject oneself to
subject oneself to something
使自己屈從於、自願接受（通常為不愉快或嚴苛的事物）
be subjected to
be subjected to something
被置於…之下；遭受；受到（影響、處理、考驗等）
subject to approval
subject to something (condition)
以…為條件；須經…批准/同意
subject to scrutiny
subject something to scrutiny/analysis/review
使某事物接受審查/分析/檢視
subject to testing
subject something to testing/trials
使某事物接受測試/試驗
×They subjected the new policy.
✓They were subjected to the new policy.
當 'subject' 作動詞表示『使遭受、使經歷』時，常用被動語態 'be subjected to'，表示某人或某物被迫接受某種對待、條件或過程。
×He subjects his opinion on the meeting.
✓He subjected his opinion to scrutiny during the meeting.
動詞 'subject' 的正確搭配是 'subject something/someone to something'（使…經受/遭受…）。不能直接用 'subject on'。
×The experiment was subjecting to many variables.
✓The experiment was subject to many variables.
這裡混淆了動詞的現在分詞 'subjecting' 與形容詞 'subject to'。形容詞片語 'subject to' 意為『受…支配的、易受…影響的』，常用於描述狀態，而非動作。
×She will subject him help.
✓She will subject him to her authority.
動詞 'subject' 的含義是『使服從、使遭受』，通常帶有負面或強制性的意味。它不能用來表示『提供幫助』這類正面或自願的行為。
×We subjected the data analysis.
✓We subjected the data to analysis.
動詞 'subject' 需要一個直接受詞（使什麼遭受）和一個介系詞 'to' 引導的受詞（遭受什麼）。句子結構應為『subject A to B』，不能省略 'to' 及其後的名詞。