1. to rub your skin with your nails because it feels uncomfortable
（因皮膚發癢）用指甲搔、抓
Don't scratch that mosquito bite or it will get infected.
不要抓那個蚊子叮咬處，否則會感染。
My cat loves it when I scratch behind her ears.
我的貓很喜歡我搔抓牠的耳後。
Scratch Meaning（定義、用法、例句與發音）
scratch
verb
快速理解
What does "Scratch" mean?What are 2-3 core uses of "Scratch"?
「scratch」主要指用指甲或尖物刮、抓、劃傷表面，或用指甲搔癢，也引申為倉促完成或從名單中刪除。
- 1
刮/抓/劃傷
EN: to rub your skin with your nails, or to make a shallow cut or mark on a surface
翻譯: 用指甲搔抓皮膚，或在物體表面造成淺淺的刮痕或劃傷。
- 2
搔癢
EN: to rub a part of your body with your nails to stop it from itching
翻譯: 用指甲搔抓身體某部位以止癢。
- 3
倉促完成/湊合
EN: to manage to achieve or make something with difficulty, or at the last minute
翻譯: 勉強達成某事，或在最後一刻倉促完成。常指「scratch together/out」。
- 4
從名單中刪除
EN: to decide not to do something that you had planned, or to remove someone from a list
翻譯: 決定取消原計劃，或將某人從名單中剔除。
小提醒：注意「scratch the surface」是慣用語，意思是「僅觸及表面，未深入探究」，而非字面上的「刮表面」。
發音（How to Pronounce "Scratch" in English）
How to pronounce "Scratch" in English?"Scratch" US vs UK pronunciation
點擊下方的 US / UK 按鈕可播放發音。
Real-life Examples of "Scratch" from YouTube Videos
Desining from Day One: Artists as Founders: Multiverse (S20) - YC Gaming Tech Talks 2020
Y Combinator
“and if you're looking to recruit from a small to midsize team, i highly recommend looking at those folks who are building their own audiences and doing it from scratch the same way a startup does.”
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Definitions（定義）
What are the definitions of "Scratch"?How does "Scratch" change by context?
2. to make a shallow cut or mark on a surface with something sharp
（用尖物）刮傷，劃出痕跡
Be careful not to scratch the table with that key.
小心別用那把鑰匙刮傷桌子。
The diamond can scratch glass.
鑽石可以刮傷玻璃。
3. to cancel or withdraw something, especially from a list or competition
取消，撤銷（尤指從名單或比賽中）
They had to scratch the horse from the race due to injury.
由於受傷，他們不得不讓那匹馬退出比賽。
Let's scratch that idea and think of something new.
我們取消那個點子，想些新的吧。
4. to manage to get something with difficulty, or to earn a living with effort
艱難地獲得；勉強維持（生計）
They scratched out a living from the small farm.
他們靠著小農場勉強維持生計。
The team barely scratched a win in the final minutes.
這支隊伍在最後幾分鐘才勉強獲勝。
5. to write or draw something quickly or carelessly
潦草地寫；匆匆地畫
He scratched a quick note on a piece of paper.
他在一張紙上潦草地寫了張便條。
The child scratched a picture of a dog in the dirt.
那孩子在地上草草畫了一隻狗。
Grammar & Patterns（句型）
What are common sentence patterns for "Scratch"?How to make natural sentences with "Scratch"?
| Pattern | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| scratch + noun (surface/object) | 刮、抓、劃傷某物 | The cat might scratch the furniture. (貓可能會抓壞傢俱。) |
| scratch + pronoun (reflexive) | 抓傷自己 | Be careful not to scratch yourself on the thorns. (小心別被刺劃傷自己。) |
| scratch + noun (body part) | 搔、抓（身體部位） | He scratched his head in confusion. (他困惑地搔了搔頭。) |
| scratch + at + noun | 抓、搔（某處表面） | The dog kept scratching at the door to be let out. (那隻狗不停地抓門想出去。) |
| scratch + noun + off (a list/surface) | 從清單或表面刮掉、劃掉 | She scratched the old paint off the wall. (她把舊油漆從牆上刮掉。) |
| scratch + out + noun | 用力劃掉、刪除（文字） | He scratched out the mistake with his pen. (他用筆用力劃掉了那個錯誤。) |
| scratch + together + noun (money/team) | 勉強湊集、拼湊 | We managed to scratch together enough money for the trip. (我們勉強湊足了旅行的錢。) |
| get scratched | 被刮傷、被抓傷 | My car got scratched in the parking lot. (我的車在停車場被刮傷了。) |
| scratch the surface (idiom) | 僅觸及表面、淺嚐輒止 | This report only scratches the surface of the problem. (這份報告僅觸及了問題的表面。) |
用法說明
How is "Scratch" different from similar structures?What usage mistakes are common with "Scratch"?
scratch doing vs scratch to do
- scratch doing 通常用於描述「抓、撓」這個動作本身，或指習慣性、反覆性的搔抓行為。
- scratch to do 則較少見，但在特定上下文中，可能表示「為了達成某個目的而抓撓」，例如為了緩解不適或引起注意。
- 在表達「忍不住想做某事」時，可能會使用 itching to do 或 dying to do，而非 scratching to do。
- 動詞 scratch 後接名詞（scratch an itch, scratch the surface）或副詞（scratch away, scratch lightly）的用法更為常見。 EN: The cat keeps scratching digging at the sofa. 翻譯: 那隻貓一直抓撓沙發。
EN:He scratched to relieve the itch on his arm.
翻譯:他抓撓手臂以緩解瘙癢。
總結建議
在大多數情況下，使用 "scratch" 直接接名詞或搭配副詞，若想表達「渴望做某事」，應使用 "itching to do" 而非 "scratching to do"。
易混淆對比
What is the difference between "Scratch" and similar words?How to choose "Scratch" vs alternatives?
scratch vs scrape
「scratch」通常指用指甲或尖物造成較淺的刮痕或抓傷，常伴隨搔癢感；「scrape」則指用較大力量或粗糙表面摩擦，造成較大面積的磨損或刮除。
scratch vs claw
「scratch」是較通用的「抓、刮」動作；「claw」特指用爪子（如動物）猛烈地抓、撕或挖，動作更強烈、更具攻擊性。
scratch vs itch
「scratch」是為緩解「itch」（癢感）而進行的「抓」動作；「itch」是皮膚或身體部位產生的「發癢」感覺或需求。
口語用法
How is "Scratch" used in spoken English?What is the spoken vs formal difference for "Scratch"?
引述
在轉述他人想法或自己之前的念頭時，用來表示「臨時想到」、「粗略的構想」。 EN: I had a scratch idea that we could meet for coffee, but nothing's set in stone. 翻譯: 我當時有個粗略的想法，覺得我們可以碰面喝杯咖啡，但一切都還沒定案。
EN:He mentioned a scratch plan to travel next month, but he hasn't bought any tickets yet.
翻譯:他提到一個下個月去旅行的初步計畫，但他還沒買任何票。
語氣強調
與「從零開始」、「白手起家」的概念結合，強調完全沒有基礎、從無到有的過程。 EN: We built this business from scratch, with just a small loan and a lot of hard work. 翻譯: 我們完全是白手起家創立這間公司的，只靠一筆小額貸款和大量的努力。
EN:I didn't have a recipe, so I made the cake from scratch by guessing the ingredients.
翻譯:我沒有食譜，所以完全是憑猜測材料從頭開始做這個蛋糕的。
停頓填充
在思考如何準確表達或尋找合適字眼時，用作填充詞，常與「you know」或「kind of」連用。 EN: It's not a deep cut, just a... you know, scratch on the surface. 翻譯: 那不是一道很深的傷口，只是個…你知道的，表面上的刮痕。
EN:The concept is still a bit... scratch that, let me rephrase it more clearly.
翻譯:這個概念還有點…不對，重來，讓我說得更清楚一點。
正式寫作注意：在正式或學術寫作中，應避免將 "scratch" 用作「粗略想法」的填充詞或過於口語化的「從頭開始」表述。建議改用更精確的詞彙，例如 "a preliminary idea"、"an initial concept"、"built from the ground up" 或 "created anew"。
常見短語
What common collocations use "Scratch"?What fixed phrases with "Scratch" should I remember?
scratch the surface
verb phrase
只觸及表面；淺嚐輒止；初步了解
scratch your head
verb phrase
感到困惑；撓頭（思考）
scratch an itch
verb phrase
搔癢；滿足某種需求或渴望
start from scratch
verb phrase
從零開始；白手起家
scratch a living
verb phrase
勉強餬口；艱難謀生
scratch the record
verb phrase
刮傷唱片；破壞或損壞
scratch my back
verb phrase
幫我搔背；互相幫忙（常暗示互惠）
常見錯誤
What are common mistakes with "Scratch"?Which "Scratch" sentences look correct but are wrong?
×I scratched my name on the paper.
✓I wrote my name on the paper.
「scratch」通常指用尖物（如指甲、筆尖）「刮、劃」出痕跡或線條，而不是一般書寫。若要表達用筆寫字，應使用「write」。
×I scratched my skin because it was itchy.
✓I scratched my skin because it was itchy.
此句文法正確，但學習者常誤用「scratch」的受詞。正確用法是「scratch + 身體部位」或「scratch + 人 + on + 部位」。例如：「scratch my arm」或「scratch him on the back」。
×I need to scratch the surface of this problem.
✓I need to scratch the surface of this problem.
此句文法正確，但學習者常誤解「scratch the surface」的意思。此片語為固定用法，意為「僅觸及表面、淺嘗輒止」，而非實際物理上的刮擦。
×He scratched from the competition because of an injury.
✓He scratched from the competition because of an injury.
此句文法正確，但學習者可能不熟悉「scratch」在運動競賽中的特殊用法，意為「（賽前）退出、棄權」。這是一個較專業的用法，日常對話中更常用「withdraw」或「pull out」。
×Let's start from scratch.
✓Let's start from scratch.
此句文法正確，但學習者常誤解「from scratch」的意思。此片語意為「從頭開始、白手起家」，與「scratch」的「抓、刮」原義無直接關聯，是一個固定慣用語。
×The dog scratched the door to be opened.
✓The dog scratched at the door to be let in.
表達動物「抓撓」門、地板等表面以試圖進入或引起注意時，常使用「scratch at + 表面」。此外，「to be opened」不自然，應使用「to be let in」（讓牠進來）。
詞形變化
What are the word forms of "Scratch"?What are tense/participle forms of "Scratch"?
scratches(3rd_singular)scratching(present_participle)scratched(past)scratched(past_participle)