1. to make something uneven or not smooth
使某物變得粗糙不平
He roughed the surface of the wood with sandpaper before painting.
他在上漆前用砂紙把木頭表面磨粗糙。
The wind and rain had roughed the edges of the stone over time.
隨著時間推移,風雨把那塊石頭的邊緣磨粗糙了。
「rough」作動詞時,主要指使表面變得粗糙不平,或用於快速草擬、粗暴對待。
使表面粗糙
EN: to make a surface rough or uneven
翻譯: 使表面變得粗糙不平
草擬、打草稿
EN: to produce a preliminary or unfinished version
翻譯: 快速草擬或製作出初步版本
粗暴對待
EN: to treat someone in a harsh or violent manner
翻譯: 以粗暴或暴力的方式對待某人
艱難度過
EN: to endure or manage through a difficult period
翻譯: 艱難地度過或應對一段困難時期
小提醒:注意「rough it」是固定片語,意思是「在簡陋或不舒適的條件下生活」,例如露營時。不要與「rough someone up」(毆打某人)混淆。
點擊下方的 US / UK 按鈕可播放發音。
Real-life Examples of "Rough" from YouTube Videos
How Do You Convince Someone to Join Your Startup? - Dalton Caldwell
Y Combinator
“and they're not convinced by when they run into a rough patch- and everyone always does.”
1. to make something uneven or not smooth
使某物變得粗糙不平
He roughed the surface of the wood with sandpaper before painting.
他在上漆前用砂紙把木頭表面磨粗糙。
The wind and rain had roughed the edges of the stone over time.
隨著時間推移,風雨把那塊石頭的邊緣磨粗糙了。
2. to live or manage in a basic and uncomfortable way
以簡陋、不舒適的方式生活或應付
We roughed it in a tent for a week during the camping trip.
在露營旅行期間,我們在帳篷裡簡陋地住了一週。
He can rough it in the wilderness with just a sleeping bag.
他能在野外只靠一個睡袋將就過夜。
3. to treat someone violently or aggressively
粗暴地對待某人
The older boys roughed him up after school.
那些年紀較大的男孩放學後粗暴地揍了他一頓。
The security guard was accused of roughing the suspect during the arrest.
那名保安被指控在逮捕過程中粗暴對待嫌疑人。
4. to create a preliminary or unfinished version of something
草擬、畫出…的草圖或初稿
She roughed out a sketch of the building's layout.
她草擬了建築物佈局的草圖。
Let me rough in the basic shapes before adding details.
讓我在添加細節前先勾勒出基本形狀。
| Pattern | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| rough + noun (e.g., surface, edge) | 使…變粗糙;使…不平滑 | He used sandpaper to rough the surface of the wood. (他用砂紙將木頭表面磨粗糙。) |
| rough + noun + up | 粗暴地對待;毆打 | The thieves roughed him up and took his wallet. (竊賊毆打了他並搶走了他的錢包。) |
| rough + noun + in/out | 草擬;畫出…的輪廓 | The architect roughed out the initial design on a napkin. (建築師在餐巾紙上草擬了初步設計。) |
| rough it | 過簡樸/艱苦的生活 | We decided to rough it and camp in the wilderness for a week. (我們決定過一週艱苦的生活,在荒野中露營。) |
EN:The carpenter began roughing the edges of the board.
翻譯:木匠開始粗略地修整木板的邊緣。
建議優先使用「rough + 名詞」或「rough + 動名詞」的結構,避免使用可能不自然的「rough + to + 動詞原形」。
rough vs coarse
「rough」強調表面不平滑、觸感粗糙或過程粗略;「coarse」則更常指材質顆粒粗大、質地低劣或言行粗俗。
rough vs rugged
「rough」描述表面粗糙或過程粗略;「rugged」則強調地形崎嶇不平、物品堅固耐用,或面容粗獷。
rough vs harsh
「rough」側重物理上的粗糙或處理上的粗略;「harsh」則強調嚴厲、刺耳或惡劣的條件,帶有負面評價。
在引述他人說法或重複自己剛說過的話時,用來表示「大致上」、「差不多是這樣」。 EN: So you're saying we should, rough, double the budget? 翻譯: 所以你是說我們應該,大概,把預算加倍?
EN:The plan is, rough, to launch in Q3.
翻譯:計畫是,大致上,在第三季推出。
用於強調某個描述是粗略的、不精確的,或帶有「坦白說」、「老實講」的語氣。 EN: That's a rough estimate, okay? Don't hold me to it. 翻譯: 那只是個粗略估計,好嗎?別要我保證。
EN:I'm just giving you the rough idea here.
翻譯:我現在只是給你一個大概的概念。
在思考或尋找合適字眼時,作為短暫的停頓填充詞,類似「呃」、「那個」。 EN: We need to... rough... streamline the process. 翻譯: 我們需要...那個...簡化流程。
EN:The meeting went... rough... pretty well overall.
翻譯:會議進行得...呃...整體來說還不錯。
注意:以上口語用法在正式書寫或嚴謹的報告中應避免使用,應改用更精確的詞語,如「approximately」、「roughly speaking」、「let me think」等。
rough in
verb + in
(建築、水電等)完成初步安裝或框架
rough out
verb + out
草擬、勾勒出大綱或初步形狀
rough up
verb + up
粗暴對待、毆打(某人)
rough it
verb + it
過簡陋艱苦的生活,將就度日
rough over
verb + over
粗略處理、使表面變粗糙
rough and ready
adjective phrase
簡陋但尚可用的;粗獷但有效的
×He roughed the surface with sandpaper.
✓He roughened the surface with sandpaper.
「rough」作動詞時通常指「粗暴對待」或「使…變得艱難」,而「roughen」才是「使表面變粗糙」的常用動詞。
×The bullies roughed him after school.
✓The bullies roughed him up after school.
「rough up」是固定片語動詞,意為「毆打」或「粗暴對待」,不可省略介系詞「up」。
×We decided to rough the camping trip.
✓We decided to rough it during the camping trip.
「rough it」是固定片語,意為「過簡陋艱苦的生活」,必須包含代名詞「it」,且通常用於描述一段時間或情境。
×She roughed out before starting the final draft.
✓She roughed out a plan before starting the final draft.
「rough out」是及物動詞片語,意為「草擬」或「勾勒出大綱」,必須接賓語(如 plan, idea, sketch)。
×The suspect was roughed by the police.
✓The suspect was roughed up by the police.
被動語態中,「rough up」作為片語動詞,介系詞「up」仍需保留,不可省略。
×They rough him up yesterday.
✓They roughed him up yesterday.
「rough」作動詞時,過去式與過去分詞為「roughed」,需依時態變化,不可用原形。