1. parallel to the ground; flat and level
與地面平行的；平坦的
The table must be perfectly horizontal for the experiment.
桌子必須完全水平才能進行實驗。
He drew a horizontal line across the page.
他在頁面上畫了一條水平線。
Horizontal Meaning（定義、用法、例句與發音）
horizontal
adjective
快速理解
What does "Horizontal" mean?What are 2-3 core uses of "Horizontal"?
形容與地面平行或與垂直方向成直角的事物。
- 1
與地面平行
EN: parallel to the ground or horizon
翻譯: 與地面或地平線平行的
- 2
水平方向
EN: in a left-to-right or side-to-side direction
翻譯: 從左到右或從一邊到另一邊的方向
- 3
層級相同
EN: at the same level or status, without hierarchy
翻譯: 處於相同層級或地位，沒有上下從屬關係
- 4
平坦延伸
EN: extending in a flat, even line
翻譯: 以平坦、均勻的線條延伸
小提醒：注意與「vertical」（垂直的）是相反詞。在中文中，「水平」一詞也常引申為能力或標準的衡量，但英文的 "horizontal" 通常沒有這個用法。
發音（How to Pronounce "Horizontal" in English）
How to pronounce "Horizontal" in English?"Horizontal" US vs UK pronunciation
點擊下方的 US / UK 按鈕可播放發音。
Real-life Examples of "Horizontal" from YouTube Videos
Fahad Al-Attiya: A country with no water
TED
“But in order to sustain the horizontal line -- because these are the projects, these are the systems that we will deliver -- we need to also develop the vertical line system: sustenance, high-level education, research and development, industries, technologies to produce these technologies for application and, finally, markets.”
(1 out of 22)
Definitions（定義）
What are the definitions of "Horizontal"?How does "Horizontal" change by context?
2. organized or operating on the same level of authority or status
（組織或運作）同一層級的；橫向的
The company has a horizontal management structure with few levels.
這家公司採用層級很少的橫向管理結構。
They promoted horizontal collaboration between departments.
他們促進了部門間的橫向協作。
3. involving participants of similar status or from different areas
涉及同級或不同領域參與者的
The conference encouraged horizontal exchange of ideas across industries.
這場會議鼓勵跨產業的橫向思想交流。
A horizontal merger combines companies in the same business sector.
水平合併是指同一產業內公司的合併。
4. (of a surface or object) having its longest dimension from side to side
（表面或物體）長邊為左右方向的；橫向的
The painting is in a horizontal format, perfect for a landscape.
這幅畫是橫向格式，非常適合風景畫。
For a wider view, hold your phone in a horizontal orientation.
要獲得更寬的視野，請將手機橫向持握。
Grammar & Patterns（句型）
What are common sentence patterns for "Horizontal"?How to make natural sentences with "Horizontal"?
| Pattern | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| horizontal + noun | 水平的 [名詞] | The artist drew a horizontal line across the canvas. (藝術家在畫布上畫了一條水平線。) |
| be + horizontal | 是水平的 | The surface must be perfectly horizontal for the experiment. (這個表面必須完全水平才能進行實驗。) |
| remain/stay + horizontal | 保持水平 | The patient needs to remain horizontal for the next few hours. (病人需要在接下來的幾個小時保持平躺。) |
| in a horizontal position/direction | 以水平的位置/方向 | Place the device in a horizontal position. (將設備以水平位置放置。) |
| horizontal and vertical | 水平與垂直的 | The design uses a combination of horizontal and vertical elements. (這個設計結合了水平與垂直的元素。) |
用法說明
How is "Horizontal" different from similar structures?What usage mistakes are common with "Horizontal"?
horizontal with vs horizontal to
- horizontal with 通常用於描述兩個或多個物體或平面處於同一水平高度或層級，強調的是位置上的對齊。
- horizontal to 則更常表示與某個方向或軸線呈水平關係，或用於比較兩個事物在性質、狀態上的平行或對等。
- 在描述具體物體的物理排列時，horizontal with 更為常見。
- 在抽象或比喻性的用法中，表示「與...平行」或「與...程度相當」時，horizontal to 是更自然的選擇。 EN: The picture should be hung horizontal with the window frame. 翻譯: 這幅畫應該掛得與窗框齊平。
EN:The line of trees was horizontal to the horizon.
翻譯:那排樹木與地平線平行。
EN:Keep the shelf horizontal with the one below it.
翻譯:讓這個架子與它下面的那個保持水平對齊。
EN:His career progression was horizontal to hers for many years.
翻譯:多年來，他的職業發展與她的程度相當。
總結建議
描述具體位置對齊時用 horizontal with，表示方向平行或抽象比擬時則用 horizontal to。
易混淆對比
What is the difference between "Horizontal" and similar words?How to choose "Horizontal" vs alternatives?
horizontal vs vertical
horizontal 指水平方向，與地面平行；vertical 指垂直方向，與地面呈直角。
horizontal vs level
horizontal 強調方向或排列為水平；level 強調表面平坦、無傾斜，或處於相同高度。
horizontal vs flat
horizontal 描述方向；flat 描述表面形狀，指無彎曲、無起伏。
口語用法
How is "Horizontal" used in spoken English?What is the spoken vs formal difference for "Horizontal"?
引述
在口語中，有時會用 "horizontal" 來引述或重述他人的話，特別是當討論方向、排列或比較時。 EN: So you're saying the line needs to be perfectly horizontal? 翻譯: 所以你是說這條線需要完全水平？
EN:He kept insisting, "Make sure the shelves are horizontal, not tilted."
翻譯:他一直堅持說：「要確保架子是水平的，不要傾斜。」
語氣強調
在對話中，可以透過重音或重複來強調 "horizontal"，以凸顯與「垂直」的對比或表達精確性的重要。 EN: No, I said horizontal – side to side, not up and down. 翻譯: 不對，我說的是水平——從一邊到另一邊，不是上下。
EN:The difference is crucial: the pattern must be horizontal, absolutely horizontal.
翻譯:這差別至關重要：圖案必須是水平的，絕對要水平。
停頓填充
在思考或描述視覺佈局時，說話者可能會用 "horizontal" 作為短暫的停頓填充詞，以組織思緒或指向某物。 EN: We need to align the... horizontal... elements first. 翻譯: 我們需要先對齊……水平……的那些元素。
EN:The design goes from left to right, you know, horizontal, and then we add details.
翻譯:設計是從左到右，你知道的，水平方向，然後我們再加上細節。
正式寫作注意：在正式或學術寫作中，應避免將 "horizontal" 用於口語引述或作為填充詞。請直接、精確地使用該詞描述方向或排列，以保持文章的嚴謹與流暢。
常見短語
What common collocations use "Horizontal"?What fixed phrases with "Horizontal" should I remember?
horizontal line
adjective + noun
水平線
horizontal axis
adjective + noun
水平軸，橫軸
horizontal scroll
adjective + noun
水平滾動
horizontal stripes
adjective + noun
橫條紋
horizontal movement
adjective + noun
水平移動
horizontal integration
adjective + noun
水平整合
hold horizontal
verb + adjective
保持水平
常見錯誤
What are common mistakes with "Horizontal"?Which "Horizontal" sentences look correct but are wrong?
×The picture is not vertical, it's horizont.
✓The picture is not vertical, it's horizontal.
The word 'horizontal' must be spelled completely. 'Horizont' is a common misspelling, likely due to dropping the final '-al' suffix.
×Please put the books in a horizontal way on the shelf.
✓Please lay the books horizontally on the shelf.
Using the adjective 'horizontal' with 'in a ... way' is often unnatural. The adverb 'horizontally' is the correct and more common choice to describe how an action is performed.
×The company has a horizontal organization structure.
✓The company has a flat organizational structure.
While 'horizontal' can describe non-hierarchical structures in business English, the more common and natural term is 'flat'. Using 'horizontal' in this context can sound like a direct translation and may be misunderstood.
×He drew a horizontal line from the left to right.
✓He drew a horizontal line from left to right.
The phrase 'from left to right' is a fixed idiom. Adding the definite article 'the' before 'left' and 'right' is incorrect in this context.
×The horizon line is where the sky meets the sea.
✓The horizon is where the sky meets the sea.
Confusing the noun 'horizon' with the adjective 'horizontal'. 'Horizon line' is redundant because 'horizon' itself refers to the apparent line. This mistake shows confusion between the two related but distinct words.
×This software allows for horizontal scroll.
✓This software allows for horizontal scrolling.
After a preposition like 'for', the gerund form ('-ing') of the verb is typically required. 'Scroll' is a verb; 'scrolling' is the correct noun form here.
詞形變化
What are the word forms of "Horizontal"?What are tense/participle forms of "Horizontal"?