Federal Meaning(定義、用法、例句與發音)

federal

adjective

快速理解

What does "Federal" mean?What are 2-3 core uses of "Federal"?

形容與中央政府、聯邦體制或國家聯盟相關的事物。

  1. 1

    聯邦政府

    EN: relating to the central government of a federation

    翻譯: 指與聯邦制國家的中央政府相關的。

  2. 2

    聯邦體制

    EN: having a system of government where states unite under a central authority

    翻譯: 指採用州或省等成員單位聯合組成中央政府的政治體制。

  3. 3

    國家聯盟

    EN: involving a group of states with a central government but independence in internal affairs

    翻譯: 指由多個州或邦組成,擁有統一中央政府但內部事務保持一定獨立性的聯盟。

  4. 4

    聯邦機構

    EN: concerning a national agency or institution, especially in the US

    翻譯: 特指(尤在美國)國家層級的機構或部門。

小提醒:注意:在美國政治與法律語境中,'federal' 通常特指「國家(中央)層級的」,與 'state'(州級)相對,例如 federal law(聯邦法律) vs. state law(州法律)。

發音(How to Pronounce "Federal" in English

How to pronounce "Federal" in English?"Federal" US vs UK pronunciation

點擊下方的 US / UK 按鈕可播放發音。

Real-life Examples of "Federal" from YouTube Videos

Jeff Smith: Lessons in business ... from prison

TED

(Laughter). It was my first week in federal prison and I was learning quickly that it wasn't what you see on TV.

(1 out of 19)

Definitions(定義)

What are the definitions of "Federal"?How does "Federal" change by context?

1. relating to a system of government in which several states unite under a central authority but remain independent in internal affairs

聯邦制的;聯邦政府的

The United States has a federal system of government.

美國擁有聯邦制政府體系。

The power is divided between the federal government and the states.

權力在聯邦政府和各州之間劃分。

2. relating to the central government of a federation, as opposed to state or local governments

(相對於州或地方政府)聯邦的;中央政府的

He works for a federal agency in Washington, D.C.

他在華盛頓特區的一個聯邦機構工作。

Federal laws apply to all states in the country.

聯邦法律適用於該國的所有州。

3. of or relating to a style of architecture, furniture, etc., prevalent in the early years of the United States

(建築、家具等風格)聯邦時期風格的(美國建國初期)

The historic house is decorated in the Federal style.

這座歷史悠久的房子以聯邦時期風格裝飾。

They collect Federal period antiques.

他們收藏聯邦時期的古董。

4. supporting or advocating for a federal system of government

擁護聯邦制的;聯邦主義者的

The federal party campaigned for stronger central powers.

聯邦主義政黨為爭取更強大的中央權力而競選。

Grammar & Patterns(句型)

What are common sentence patterns for "Federal"?How to make natural sentences with "Federal"?
PatternMeaningExample
federal + noun聯邦的(形容詞用法)The federal government announced a new policy. (聯邦政府宣布了一項新政策。)
federal + agency/institution聯邦機構The FBI is a well-known federal agency. (聯邦調查局是一個知名的聯邦機構。)
federal + law/court聯邦法律/法院This case will be tried in a federal court. (這個案件將在聯邦法院審理。)
federal + funding/budget聯邦資金/預算The project relies on federal funding. (該項目依賴聯邦資金。)
federal + system聯邦制度The country operates under a federal system. (該國在聯邦制度下運作。)
federal + state聯邦州Powers are divided between the federal and state governments. (權力在聯邦政府和州政府之間劃分。)

用法說明

How is "Federal" different from similar structures?What usage mistakes are common with "Federal"?

federal 與 federal government 的用法區別

  • federal 作為形容詞,通常用來修飾名詞,描述與「聯邦」相關的屬性、機構或層級。
  • federal government 則是一個完整的複合名詞,特指「聯邦政府」這個最高層級的中央政府機構。
  • 在許多情況下,單獨使用 federal 時,其後省略的「政府」或「機構」等名詞是從上下文推斷出來的。
  • 在正式或精確的語境中,使用完整的 federal government 可以避免歧義。 EN: The new policy was announced by federal authorities. 翻譯: 這項新政策是由聯邦當局宣布的。

EN:The new policy was announced by the federal government.

翻譯:這項新政策是由聯邦政府宣布的。

EN:She works for a federal agency in charge of environmental protection.

翻譯:她在一個負責環境保護的聯邦機構工作。

EN:She works for the federal government in the environmental protection department.

翻譯:她在聯邦政府的環境保護部門工作。

總結建議

在書寫時,若上下文已明確指涉「政府」,可使用「federal」作為簡稱,但在首次提及或需要強調機構主體時,建議使用完整的「federal government」。

易混淆對比

What is the difference between "Federal" and similar words?How to choose "Federal" vs alternatives?

federal vs national

「federal」強調聯邦政府層級或體制,而「national」泛指全國性、國家層面的事務,不一定涉及聯邦分權結構。

federal vs central

「federal」專用於聯邦制國家的中央政府,而「central」可泛指任何國家(包括單一制國家)的中央政府或核心機構。

federal vs confederal

「federal」指權力由中央與地方(州)共享的聯邦制;「confederal」指權力主要保留在成員州、中央權力極弱的邦聯制。

口語用法

How is "Federal" used in spoken English?What is the spoken vs formal difference for "Federal"?

引述

在口語中,當引述或提及一個官方名稱、機構或政策時,常會用到 "federal" 來明確指出其聯邦層級屬性。 EN: I have to file my taxes with the federal government. 翻譯: 我得向聯邦政府報稅。

EN:The case was moved to federal court.

翻譯:這個案子被移交到聯邦法院了。

語氣強調

在對話中,有時會用 "federal" 來強調某件事的嚴重性、正式性或全國性影響,以引起聽者注意。 EN: This is a federal offense—you could get in serious trouble. 翻譯: 這可是聯邦級別的罪行—你可能會惹上大麻煩。

EN:They launched a federal investigation into the matter.

翻譯:他們對這件事展開了聯邦層級的調查。

停頓填充

在組織思緒或尋找確切詞語時,說話者可能會重複 "federal" 或將其與其他詞語(如 "like federal")結合,作為一種填充停頓的方式。 EN: The funding comes from, uh... federal, like federal grants. 翻譯: 資金來自於,呃...聯邦,像是聯邦補助金。

EN:It's regulated at the state and... federal level.

翻譯:這在州和...聯邦層級都有規範。

正式書寫注意:在學術或正式文件中,應避免將 "federal" 用作填充詞或過度重複。應精確使用,並在首次提及後,考慮使用 "national" 或 "central"(視上下文)等同義詞來保持文章流暢,除非 "federal" 是專有名詞的一部分(如 Federal Reserve)。

常見短語

What common collocations use "Federal"?What fixed phrases with "Federal" should I remember?

federal government

adjective + noun

聯邦政府

federal law

adjective + noun

聯邦法律

federal agency

adjective + noun

聯邦機構

federal funds

adjective + noun

聯邦資金

federal court

adjective + noun

聯邦法院

federal system

adjective + noun

聯邦制

federal investigation

adjective + noun

聯邦調查

at the federal level

preposition + adjective + noun

在聯邦層級

常見錯誤

What are common mistakes with "Federal"?Which "Federal" sentences look correct but are wrong?

×fedral

federal

拼字錯誤,常因發音而漏掉第二個 'e'。正確拼法為 f-e-d-e-r-a-l。

×The national government of the United States is based in Washington D.C.

The federal government of the United States is based in Washington D.C.

在指涉美國、加拿大、澳洲等聯邦制國家的中央政府時,應使用 'federal government',而非 'national government'。'National' 更常指單一民族國家或全國性的。

×He is investigating federal.

He is investigating the federal government.

'Federal' 是形容詞,不能單獨作為名詞使用。必須與其修飾的名詞(如 government, agency, law)一起出現。

×She works for the Federal Bureau of Investigation.

She works for the Federal Bureau of Investigation.

此處 'Federal' 大寫是正確的,因為它是官方機構名稱的一部分。一般描述性的 'federal'(如 federal law, federal employee)則不大寫。錯誤在於不該大寫時大寫,或該大寫時未大寫。

×Germany has a strong central government system.

Germany has a federal system of government.

德國是聯邦制國家,其系統應描述為 'federal system'。'Central government' 雖可指中央政府,但用 'federal' 更能準確描述其政治結構。在非聯邦制國家(如法國、日本),則適合用 'central government'。

詞形變化

What are the word forms of "Federal"?What are tense/participle forms of "Federal"?