1. involving or requiring strenuous effort; difficult and tiring
需要艱苦努力的；費力的，艱鉅的
The journey through the mountains was long and arduous.
穿越山脈的旅程漫長而艱辛。
Recovering from the surgery was an arduous process.
從手術中恢復是一個艱難的過程。
Arduous Meaning（定義、用法、例句與發音）
arduous
adjective
快速理解
What does "Arduous" mean?What are 2-3 core uses of "Arduous"?
形容需要付出巨大努力、非常艱辛或困難的過程或任務。
- 1
需要巨大努力的
EN: requiring a lot of effort and hard work
翻譯: 指需要付出大量體力或心力才能完成的事情。
- 2
困難的、艱鉅的
EN: difficult and demanding
翻譯: 形容任務或過程本身充滿挑戰，不易達成。
- 3
漫長而費力的
EN: long and full of difficulties
翻譯: 強調過程不僅困難，而且持續時間很長，令人疲憊。
小提醒：注意：arduous 主要形容「過程」或「任務」本身艱辛，而非形容人感到疲憊。例如，正確用法是 an arduous journey（艱辛的旅程），而非 I feel arduous（我感覺很艱辛）。
發音（How to Pronounce "Arduous" in English）
How to pronounce "Arduous" in English?"Arduous" US vs UK pronunciation
點擊下方的 US / UK 按鈕可播放發音。
Real-life Examples of "Arduous" from YouTube Videos
Jeff Bezos: The electricity metaphor
TED
“They've come thousands of miles on a perilous trip, risked life, health and property, spent months of the most arduous labor a man can perform and at length, with expectations raised to the highest pitch, have reached the coveted goal only to discover the fact that there is nothing here for them".”
(1 out of 1)
Definitions（定義）
What are the definitions of "Arduous"?How does "Arduous" change by context?
2. hard to endure; full of hardships
難以忍受的；充滿艱辛的
The pioneers faced an arduous life on the frontier.
拓荒者在邊疆面臨著艱苦的生活。
They survived the arduous winter with very limited supplies.
他們以非常有限的物資熬過了那個嚴酷的冬天。
3. requiring considerable energy and perseverance
需要大量精力和毅力的
Writing a doctoral thesis is an arduous task.
撰寫博士論文是一項需要大量精力的任務。
The arduous training regimen prepared the athletes for the competition.
艱苦的訓練計劃讓運動員為比賽做好了準備。
Grammar & Patterns（句型）
What are common sentence patterns for "Arduous"?How to make natural sentences with "Arduous"?
| Pattern | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| arduous + noun | 艱難的... | The arduous journey took three weeks. (這段艱難的旅程花了三週時間。) |
| arduous + task/journey/work | 艱鉅的任務/旅程/工作 | Climbing the mountain was an arduous task. (攀登那座山是一項艱鉅的任務。) |
| find + something + arduous | 發現...很艱難 | She found the training physically arduous. (她發現這項訓練在體能上非常艱難。) |
| be + arduous + to + V | ...是艱難的 | It is arduous to maintain such a high standard. (要維持如此高的標準是很艱難的。) |
| arduous + but + rewarding | 艱難但值得的 | The research was arduous but rewarding. (這項研究艱難但值得。) |
用法說明
How is "Arduous" different from similar structures?What usage mistakes are common with "Arduous"?
arduous to do vs arduous doing
- arduous to do 是最常見且自然的結構，用於描述「做某事是艱鉅的」。它通常用於不定詞（to + 動詞原形）之前，強調執行某個特定動作或任務的困難性。
- arduous doing 在文法上可行，但實際使用頻率遠低於 arduous to do。它聽起來較為正式或書面化，有時可能顯得生硬。
- 在大多數日常和正式情境中，建議優先使用 arduous to do 的結構。
- 當主詞是形式主詞 it 時，幾乎總是使用 It is arduous to... 的句型。 EN: The climb was arduous to complete in the heavy rain. 翻譯: 在暴雨中完成這次攀登非常艱鉅。
EN:Completing the climb in the heavy rain was arduous.
翻譯:在暴雨中完成這次攀登是艱鉅的。
EN:It is arduous to master a new language as an adult.
翻譯:成年後要精通一門新語言是件艱鉅的事。
EN:? Mastering a new language as an adult is arduous.
翻譯:（成年後精通一門新語言是艱鉅的。）此句文法正確，但較不自然。
總結建議
在絕大多數情況下，使用「arduous to + 動詞原形」的結構來表達「做某事很艱鉅」是最自然且安全的選擇。
易混淆對比
What is the difference between "Arduous" and similar words?How to choose "Arduous" vs alternatives?
arduous vs difficult
arduous 強調過程漫長、艱辛且需要持續的巨大努力；difficult 則泛指任何困難、複雜或不易完成的事。
arduous vs strenuous
arduous 強調任務的漫長與艱辛；strenuous 則更側重於需要付出極大體力或精力的活動。
arduous vs laborious
arduous 強調過程的艱苦與挑戰性；laborious 則側重於任務的繁瑣、耗時且需要大量手工或重複性勞動。
口語用法
How is "Arduous" used in spoken English?What is the spoken vs formal difference for "Arduous"?
引述
當重述或引述他人對某事的看法時，可用來表示認同其困難程度。 EN: She said the climb was arduous, and honestly, I have to agree. 翻譯: 她說那次攀登很艱鉅，說實話，我不得不認同。
EN:He described the negotiation process as arduous, which is exactly how I'd put it.
翻譯:他形容談判過程很艱辛，這正是我的想法。
語氣強調
用於強調任務或過程的極端困難，常帶有誇張或感嘆的語氣。 EN: Preparing for that exam was absolutely arduous! 翻譯: 準備那場考試簡直是艱苦卓絕！
EN:This is turning into an arduous task, isn't it?
翻譯:這變成一件費力不討好的事了，對吧？
停頓填充
在思考如何描述困難時，作為一個較正式的填充詞，替換更口語的 "really hard"。 EN: The recovery after surgery was... arduous, to say the least. 翻譯: 手術後的復原過程... 說得保守點，是很艱難的。
EN:It's been an... arduous journey, but we're finally seeing progress.
翻譯:這是一段... 艱辛的旅程，但我們終於看到進展了。
注意：在正式寫作或學術報告中，arduous 是合適的用詞。但在非常隨意、非正式的口語對話中，可能會顯得有點書面化。日常聊天中，人們更常使用 really tough、extremely difficult 或 a real grind 等說法。
常見短語
What common collocations use "Arduous"?What fixed phrases with "Arduous" should I remember?
an arduous task
adj. + n.
艱鉅的任務
an arduous journey
adj. + n.
艱辛的旅程
an arduous process
adj. + n.
艱難的過程
an arduous climb
adj. + n.
費力的攀登
an arduous struggle
adj. + n.
艱苦的奮鬥
arduous work
adj. + n.
艱苦的工作
find something arduous
v. + obj. + adj.
發現某事很費力
常見錯誤
What are common mistakes with "Arduous"?Which "Arduous" sentences look correct but are wrong?
×He faced an arduous.
✓He faced an arduous task.
"arduous" 是形容詞，不能單獨作為名詞使用。它必須修飾一個名詞，例如 task, journey, process 等。
×He worked arduous to finish the project.
✓He worked arduously to finish the project.
當修飾動詞（如 worked）時，應使用副詞 "arduously"，而非形容詞 "arduous"。
×The math problem was very arduous.
✓The math problem was very difficult.
"arduous" 強調需要持續努力和毅力的艱辛過程，通常用於任務、旅程等。對於單一、複雜但未必需要長時間體力/心力消耗的難題，使用 "difficult" 或 "challenging" 更為自然。
×It was arduous for him.
✓It was an arduous task for him. / It was arduous for him to complete the task.
"arduous" 通常直接修飾名詞，或用在 "It is arduous to do something" 的結構中。單獨使用 "arduous for someone" 會顯得不完整，需要補充具體的任務或行動。
×ardious / ardous
✓arduous
常見的拼寫錯誤是漏掉 "u" 或字母順序錯誤。正確拼寫為 a-r-d-u-o-u-s。
詞形變化
What are the word forms of "Arduous"?What are tense/participle forms of "Arduous"?