1. an opponent or enemy in a conflict, contest, or dispute
在衝突、競賽或爭論中的對手或敵人
The two chess masters were respectful adversaries.
這兩位西洋棋大師是互相尊重的對手。
In the courtroom, the prosecutor faced a skilled adversary.
在法庭上，檢察官面對的是一位技巧高超的對手。
Adversary Meaning（定義、用法、例句與發音）
adversary
noun
快速理解
What does "Adversary" mean?What are 2-3 core uses of "Adversary"?
指對手、敵人或對立的一方。
- 1
對手
EN: a person, group, or force that opposes or attacks; opponent.
翻譯: 指在競爭、衝突或對抗中的另一方。
- 2
敵人
EN: an enemy in a conflict, contest, or dispute.
翻譯: 指在敵對狀態或戰爭中的敵對方。
- 3
對立者
EN: one that contends with, opposes, or resists.
翻譯: 指在立場、意見或目標上直接對立與抗衡的人或實體。
- 4
法律上的對方
EN: the opposing party in a legal proceeding.
翻譯: 在法律訴訟或程序中，與己方立場相對的另一方當事人。
小提醒：「adversary」語氣比「opponent」更強烈，常帶有敵對或衝突的意涵，不一定只用於戰爭，也常用於競賽、辯論或法律情境。
發音（How to Pronounce "Adversary" in English）
How to pronounce "Adversary" in English?"Adversary" US vs UK pronunciation
點擊下方的 US / UK 按鈕可播放發音。
Real-life Examples of "Adversary" from YouTube Videos
Rebecca MacKinnon: Let's take back the Internet!
TED
“Of course it's going to empower whoever is most skilled at using the technology and best understands the Internet in comparison with whoever their adversary is.”
(1 out of 4)
Definitions（定義）
What are the definitions of "Adversary"?How does "Adversary" change by context?
2. a person, group, or force that opposes or attacks; an antagonist
反對或攻擊的人、團體或勢力；對抗者
The nation prepared its defenses against a formidable adversary.
該國為抵禦一個強大的敵對勢力而準備防禦。
He viewed the new regulations as an adversary to innovation.
他將新法規視為創新的阻礙者。
3. the opposing side in a legal proceeding
法律程序中的對方當事人
Her lawyer advised her not to speak directly to the adversary.
她的律師建議她不要直接與對方當事人交談。
The settlement was reached after lengthy negotiations with the adversary.
在與對方進行漫長的談判後，達成了和解。
4. a person or thing that presents difficulties or challenges; an obstacle
帶來困難或挑戰的人或事物；障礙
Poverty was the main adversary he had to overcome in his youth.
貧窮是他年輕時必須克服的主要障礙。
In this expedition, the harsh climate was our greatest adversary.
在這趟探險中，惡劣的氣候是我們最大的敵人。
Grammar & Patterns（句型）
What are common sentence patterns for "Adversary"?How to make natural sentences with "Adversary"?
| Pattern | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| adversary + in + [contest/conflict] | 在（某種競爭或衝突）中的對手 | His main adversary in the election was a seasoned politician. (他在選舉中的主要對手是一位經驗豐富的政治家。) |
| face/confront an adversary | 面對/對抗敵手 | The knight prepared to face his formidable adversary. (騎士準備面對他強大的敵手。) |
| a formidable / worthy / powerful adversary | 一個強大的/勢均力敵的/有實力的對手 | She proved to be a worthy adversary in the debate. (她在辯論中證明了自己是個勢均力敵的對手。) |
| an adversary + verb (e.g., attacks, defends) | 敵手（做出某種動作） | Our adversary has launched a surprise attack. (我們的敵手發動了突襲。) |
| against an adversary | 對抗敵手 | The team played brilliantly against a strong adversary. (這支隊伍對抗強敵時表現出色。) |
用法說明
How is "Adversary" different from similar structures?What usage mistakes are common with "Adversary"?
adversary vs. adversaries
- "adversary" 通常指單一的、特定的對手或敵手，可以是個人、團體或抽象概念。
- "adversaries" 是複數形式，指多個對手或敵對勢力。
- 在正式或法律語境中，"adversary" 常指訴訟中的對方當事人。
- 在競賽、辯論或衝突情境中，兩者皆可使用，但單複數取決於對手數量。
對比範例： EN: In the courtroom, his primary adversary was a seasoned prosecutor. 翻譯: 在法庭上，他的主要對手是一位經驗豐富的檢察官。
EN:The nation prepared to defend itself against multiple potential adversaries.
翻譯:這個國家準備好抵禦多個潛在的敵對勢力。
總結建議
根據語境中指涉的對手是單數或複數，來選擇使用 "adversary" 或 "adversaries"。
易混淆對比
What is the difference between "Adversary" and similar words?How to choose "Adversary" vs alternatives?
adversary vs opponent
「adversary」通常指帶有敵意或長期對抗的對手，語意較強；「opponent」則較中性，泛指任何比賽、辯論或競爭中的對手。
adversary vs enemy
「adversary」可指競爭或對抗中的對手，不一定有強烈的個人仇恨；「enemy」則明確指帶有敵意、仇恨或意圖傷害的敵人。
adversary vs rival
「adversary」強調對立與衝突的關係；「rival」則強調競爭關係，通常爭奪同一目標或地位，未必帶有敵意。
口語用法
How is "Adversary" used in spoken English?What is the spoken vs formal difference for "Adversary"?
引述
在對話中，當引述或轉述他人的觀點時，常用「adversary」來指稱對方所認為的對手。 EN: He kept referring to the other company as his main adversary in the meeting. 翻譯: 他在會議中不斷將另一家公司稱為他的主要對手。
EN:In her argument, she framed the government as the people's adversary.
翻譯:在她的論述中，她將政府塑造成人民的敵對者。
語氣強調
為了強調對立關係的嚴重性或正式性，會使用「adversary」而非更口語的詞如「enemy」或「opponent」。 EN: This isn't just a competitor; we're facing a formidable adversary. 翻譯: 這不僅僅是競爭者；我們面對的是一個強大的敵手。
EN:I don't see them as mere rivals, but as a true adversary to our mission.
翻譯:我不把他們視為單純的對手，而是我們使命的真正敵對者。
停頓填充
在組織思緒或尋找精確用詞時，說話者可能稍作停頓，然後用「adversary」來明確界定關係。 EN: Our relationship with them has become... well, more like that of an adversary. 翻譯: 我們和他們的關係已經變得…嗯，更像是敵對關係了。
EN:The negotiations broke down, and now we're essentially... adversaries.
翻譯:談判破裂了，現在我們基本上就是…敵對雙方了。
正式寫作注意：在正式或學術寫作中，「adversary」是合適的用詞。但在極度口語或非正式的日常對話中，使用此詞可能會顯得過於正式或戲劇化，需視語境而定。
常見短語
What common collocations use "Adversary"?What fixed phrases with "Adversary" should I remember?
a formidable adversary
adj + adversary
一個強大的對手
political adversary
adj + adversary
政治對手
to face an adversary
verb + adversary
面對對手
a worthy adversary
adj + adversary
一個值得尊敬的對手
to defeat an adversary
verb + adversary
擊敗對手
a common adversary
adj + adversary
共同的敵人
adversary in court
adversary + prepositional phrase
法庭上的對手
常見錯誤
What are common mistakes with "Adversary"?Which "Adversary" sentences look correct but are wrong?
×He is my adversary in the business.
✓He is my adversary in business.
當談論一般領域（如商業、運動）時，通常不使用定冠詞 "the"。使用 "in business" 表示在商業領域中，而非特指某個具體的商業項目。
×I faced a strong adversary during the competition.
✓I faced a formidable adversary during the competition.
"Strong" 通常用於形容體力或具體強度，而 "adversary" 作為對手，更常與 "formidable", "worthy", "powerful", "main", "political" 等詞搭配，以描述其令人敬畏、值得較量或所處領域的特質。
×Our adversary's plan were clever.
✓Our adversary's plan was clever.
"Adversary" 是單數名詞，其所有格 "adversary's" 後接的動詞應與被擁有的名詞（此處為單數的 "plan"）一致，使用單數動詞 "was"。
×He is an adversary person.
✓He is an adversarial person. / He has an adversarial nature.
"Adversary" 是名詞，指對手本身。若要形容某人具有對抗性或敵對態度，應使用其形容詞形式 "adversarial"。
×We must unite against our common adversaries.
✓We must unite against our common adversary.
當多個個體或團體面對同一個對手時，即使己方是複數，對手（"adversary"）通常仍視為一個單一實體，使用單數形式。除非明確指多個不同的對手。
×I am looking for an adversary to practice English with.
✓I am looking for a partner / practice buddy to practice English with.
"Adversary" 隱含對立、競爭或衝突關係，語氣較正式或嚴肅。用於尋找語言練習夥伴這種合作、友好的情境並不恰當，應使用中性或帶有合作意味的詞，如 "partner"。
詞形變化
What are the word forms of "Adversary"?What are tense/participle forms of "Adversary"?