Inflation Meaning(定義、用法、例句與發音)

inflation

noun

快速理解

What does "Inflation" mean?What are 2-3 core uses of "Inflation"?

「inflation」主要指物價持續上漲的經濟現象,也可用於描述膨脹或誇大的行為。

  1. 1

    經濟學核心概念

    EN: a general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money.

    翻譯: 指物價普遍持續上漲、貨幣購買力下降的經濟狀態。

  2. 2

    物理/狀態變化

    EN: the action of inflating something or the condition of being inflated.

    翻譯: 指將某物充氣、膨脹的動作,或其被充氣後的狀態。

  3. 3

    誇大、膨脹

    EN: a disproportionate or exaggerated increase, expansion, or amplification.

    翻譯: 指規模、數量或重要性不當或誇張地增加、擴大或膨脹。

小提醒:在經濟新聞中最常見的是第一個意思(通貨膨脹)。注意不要與「deflation」(通貨緊縮/放氣)混淆。

發音(How to Pronounce "Inflation" in English

How to pronounce "Inflation" in English?"Inflation" US vs UK pronunciation

點擊下方的 US / UK 按鈕可播放發音。

Real-life Examples of "Inflation" from YouTube Videos

The $8 billion iPod | Rob Reid

TED

Some people think this number's a little bit large, but copyright mathematicians, who are media lobby experts, are merely surprised that it doesn't get compounded for inflation every year.

(1 out of 8)

Definitions(定義)

What are the definitions of "Inflation"?How does "Inflation" change by context?

1. a general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money

物價普遍上漲、貨幣購買力下降的經濟現象

The central bank raised interest rates to combat high inflation.

中央銀行提高利率以對抗高通貨膨脹。

Inflation has eroded the value of people's savings over the past year.

過去一年,通貨膨脹侵蝕了人們儲蓄的價值。

2. the action of inflating something or the condition of being inflated

充氣、膨脹的行為或狀態

The inflation of the life raft was automatic upon contact with water.

救生筏在接觸到水時會自動充氣。

He checked the tire's inflation before the long road trip.

他在長途公路旅行前檢查了輪胎的氣壓。

3. an exaggerated or overly optimistic increase, especially in statistics, value, or ego

(尤指統計數據、價值或自我評價)誇大或不切實際的膨脹

There was a suspicion of grade inflation at the university, with more students receiving top marks.

有人懷疑這所大學存在成績膨脹,越來越多的學生獲得高分。

His ego suffered from inflation after the success of his first project.

在他的第一個專案成功後,他的自我意識急遽膨脹。

Grammar & Patterns(句型)

What are common sentence patterns for "Inflation"?How to make natural sentences with "Inflation"?
PatternMeaningExample
inflation + of + [commodity/price]表示特定商品或價格的通膨The inflation of food prices is a major concern. (食品價格的通膨是一個主要問題。)
inflation + in + [sector/country]表示某個領域或國家的通貨膨脹There is high inflation in the housing market. (房地產市場存在高通膨。)
[adjective] + inflation描述通貨膨脹的類型或程度Stagflation is a combination of high inflation and stagnant growth. (停滯性通膨是高通膨與經濟停滯的結合。)
control/combat/fight + inflation控制/對抗通貨膨脹The central bank raised interest rates to combat inflation. (中央銀行提高利率以對抗通貨膨脹。)
inflation + rises/falls/slows通貨膨脹上升/下降/放緩Inflation has slowed to 2% this quarter. (本季通貨膨脹已放緩至2%。)
inflation + rate/rate of inflation通貨膨脹率The inflation rate is measured monthly. (通貨膨脹率每月測量一次。)
cause/drive + inflation導致/驅動通貨膨脹Supply chain issues can cause inflation. (供應鏈問題可能導致通貨膨脹。)
adjust for inflation根據通貨膨脹調整The salary was adjusted for inflation. (薪資已根據通貨膨脹進行調整。)

用法說明

How is "Inflation" different from similar structures?What usage mistakes are common with "Inflation"?

inflation 與動詞的搭配:inflation doing vs inflation to do

  • inflation doing 通常用於描述一個普遍的、持續的或習慣性的狀態,強調通貨膨脹這個現象本身正在進行或持續發生。
  • inflation to do 則較少見,但在特定上下文中,可能用於表示通貨膨脹是為了達到某個目的或結果(如降低實質債務),這種用法較為正式且具分析性。
  • 在經濟學討論中,更常見的是使用 inflation + 動名詞 來描述過程,或使用 inflation leads to/causes... 等結構來表示因果關係。 EN: The report focuses on inflation eroding the purchasing power of fixed incomes. 翻譯: 這份報告聚焦於通貨膨脹侵蝕固定收入的購買力。

EN:Some argue that a moderate level of inflation to reduce the real value of debt can be beneficial.

翻譯:有些人認為,為降低債務的實際價值而維持適度的通貨膨脹是有益的。

總結建議

在描述通貨膨脹的影響或過程時,使用 inflation + 動名詞 (inflation doing) 是最自然且常見的搭配方式。

易混淆對比

What is the difference between "Inflation" and similar words?How to choose "Inflation" vs alternatives?

inflation vs deflation

「inflation」指物價普遍持續上漲,貨幣購買力下降;「deflation」則指物價普遍持續下跌,貨幣購買力上升。兩者是相反的經濟現象。

inflation vs stagflation

「inflation」是物價上漲但經濟可能仍在成長;「stagflation」則是物價上漲(inflation)與經濟停滯(stagnation)及高失業率同時發生的困境。

inflation vs hyperinflation

「inflation」指物價溫和或較快上漲;「hyperinflation」則是極端失控的惡性通膨,物價在極短時間內(如每月超過50%)飆升,貨幣體系可能崩潰。

口語用法

How is "Inflation" used in spoken English?What is the spoken vs formal difference for "Inflation"?

引述

在對話中,人們常會引述新聞標題或他人的話來開啟關於通膨的話題。 EN: I saw a headline today: "Inflation hits a 40-year high." 翻譯: 我今天看到一個標題:「通膨創下40年新高。」

EN:My boss keeps saying, "We have to account for inflation in next year's budget."

翻譯:我老闆一直說:「我們必須在明年的預算中考慮通膨。」

語氣強調

談到個人財務壓力時,常會用誇張或感嘆的語氣來強調「inflation」帶來的影響。 EN: This inflation is killing my savings! 翻譯: 這通膨快把我的積蓄榨乾了!

EN:How are we supposed to keep up with this crazy inflation?

翻譯:我們要怎麼跟上這種瘋狂的通膨啊?

停頓填充

在思考或組織句子時,有時會用「inflation」作為一個概念性的停頓點,後面再接具體說明。 EN: The main issue, you know, inflation... it's making everything more expensive. 翻譯: 主要的問題,你知道,通膨...它讓所有東西都變貴了。

EN:We're worried about, well, inflation and how it might affect our plans.

翻譯:我們擔心的是,嗯,通膨,以及它可能會如何影響我們的計畫。

正式寫作注意:在正式報告或學術寫作中,應避免使用上述口語化的感嘆或停頓填充結構。建議使用更精確、中性的表述,例如「the current inflationary pressures」或「the sustained rise in the price level」。

常見短語

What common collocations use "Inflation"?What fixed phrases with "Inflation" should I remember?

inflation rate

noun

通貨膨脹率

high inflation

adjective + noun

高通貨膨脹

inflation targeting

noun

通貨膨脹目標制

cost-push inflation

noun

成本推動型通貨膨脹

inflation-adjusted

adjective

經通貨膨脹調整的

runaway inflation

adjective + noun

失控的通貨膨脹;惡性通貨膨脹

fight/combat inflation

verb + noun

對抗/打擊通貨膨脹

inflation expectations

noun

通貨膨脹預期

常見錯誤

What are common mistakes with "Inflation"?Which "Inflation" sentences look correct but are wrong?

×The inflation is rising.

Inflation is rising.

作為一個不可數名詞,指一般通貨膨脹現象時,通常不加定冠詞 'the'。

×There are many inflations in the world.

Many countries are experiencing high inflation.

'Inflation' 是不可數名詞,沒有複數形式。要表達多個國家或地區的通膨,應使用其他結構。

×The price inflation makes life difficult.

Inflation makes life difficult.

'Inflation' 本身已包含物價上漲的含義,加上 'price' 是多餘的,屬於冗詞。

×We need to fight with inflation.

We need to fight inflation.

動詞 'fight' 在表示「對抗」某事物(如通膨、疾病)時,是及物動詞,後面直接接受詞,不需介系詞 'with'。

×The inflation rate increased to 5% at this year.

The inflation rate increased to 5% this year.

表示「在今年」、「在上個月」等時間狀語時,若前面沒有特定修飾語(如 'at the beginning of'),通常不使用介系詞 'at'、'in' 或 'on'。

×Salary didn't keep up the inflation.

Salaries didn't keep up with inflation.

片語 'keep up with' 意思是「跟上」,其中的 'with' 不能省略。此外,此處 'salary' 通常用複數泛指多數人的薪水。

詞形變化

What are the word forms of "Inflation"?What are tense/participle forms of "Inflation"?