Hard Meaning(定義、用法、例句與發音)

hard

verb

快速理解

What does "Hard" mean?What are 2-3 core uses of "Hard"?

「hard」作動詞時,主要表示使某物變硬或變堅固的過程。

  1. 1

    使變硬

    EN: to make something hard or solid

    翻譯: 使某物變硬或固化。

  2. 2

    強化(表面)

    EN: to harden a surface (e.g., steel, paint)

    翻譯: 使表面硬化(例如鋼鐵、油漆)。

  3. 3

    使堅定

    EN: to make someone's attitude or resolve more firm

    翻譯: 使某人的態度或決心更加堅定。

小提醒:注意「hard」作動詞時較不常見,通常會使用「harden」來表達相同概念。在口語中直接使用「hard」作動詞可能聽起來不自然。

發音(How to Pronounce "Hard" in English

How to pronounce "Hard" in English?"Hard" US vs UK pronunciation

點擊下方的 US / UK 按鈕可播放發音。

Real-life Examples of "Hard" from YouTube Videos

Steven Schwaitzberg: A universal translator for surgeons

TED

So I want to talk to you about two things tonight. Number one, Teaching surgery and doing surgery is really hard.

(1 out of 312)

Definitions(定義)

What are the definitions of "Hard"?How does "Hard" change by context?

1. to make something firm or solid

使變硬;使堅固

The cold weather will hard the ground.

寒冷的天氣會使地面變硬。

They used a special chemical to hard the surface of the material.

他們使用一種特殊的化學物質來硬化材料的表面。

2. to become more severe, strict, or unyielding

變得嚴厲、強硬或不妥協

His expression hardened when he heard the news.

聽到這個消息時,他的表情變得嚴厲起來。

The government's stance on the issue has hardened in recent months.

政府對這個問題的立場在最近幾個月變得強硬了。

3. to make resistant to change or influence

使堅定;使不易受影響

Years of experience have hardened her against criticism.

多年的經驗使她對批評變得堅定,不易受影響。

The difficult conditions hardened the resolve of the explorers.

艱難的條件堅定了探險者們的決心。

Grammar & Patterns(句型)

What are common sentence patterns for "Hard"?How to make natural sentences with "Hard"?
PatternMeaningExample
hard + noun努力做某事He is hard at work on the new project. (他正努力進行新專案。)
hard + to + V難以…The instructions are hard to follow. (這些指示很難遵循。)
hard + on + someone對某人嚴厲或苛刻Don't be too hard on yourself. (別對自己太苛刻。)
hard + against + something強烈反對某事The public opinion hardened against the policy. (公眾輿論強烈反對該政策。)
hard + at + (work/study/task)努力從事(工作/學習/任務)She was hard at her studies all night. (她整晚都在努力學習。)

用法說明

How is "Hard" different from similar structures?What usage mistakes are common with "Hard"?

hard doing vs hard to do

  • hard doing 通常用於描述一個正在進行或一般性的活動本身就很困難。
  • hard to do 則更常用於描述某個特定任務或動作難以完成,強調「去做」的難度。
  • 在許多情況下,兩者可以互換,但 hard to do 的使用範圍更廣,聽起來也更自然。
  • It is hard... 的句型中,後面幾乎總是接 to do。 EN: He finds hard work rewarding. 翻譯: 他覺得艱苦的工作很有回報。

EN:This puzzle is hard to solve.

翻譯:這個謎題很難解開。

EN:It's hard convincing him to change his mind.

翻譯:要說服他改變主意很困難。

EN:It is hard to beat their team.

翻譯:要打敗他們隊是很困難的。

總結建議

一般情況下,使用 hard to do 較為安全且自然,尤其是在 It is hard... 的句型中。

易混淆對比

What is the difference between "Hard" and similar words?How to choose "Hard" vs alternatives?

hard vs like

「hard」作動詞時,意指「使某事變得困難或艱苦」,或「努力地、費力地做某事」。而「like」作動詞時,主要表示「喜歡」或「想要」。兩者語意完全不同,前者強調困難或努力,後者表達偏好或意願。

hard vs work

「hard」作動詞時,可表示「努力地、費力地做某事」,而「work」作動詞時,意指「工作、運作、起作用」。兩者都可與「hard」這個副詞搭配(work hard),但「hard」本身作動詞時,更強調「使變得艱難」或「嚴厲對待」的動作。

hard vs toughen

「hard」與「toughen」作動詞時,都有「使變硬、使變堅強」的含義,但用法和語意強度略有不同。「hard」較側重物理上的變硬或使情況變艱難;「toughen」則更常用於比喻,指使人或物變得更堅韌、更強硬以應對挑戰。

口語用法

How is "Hard" used in spoken English?What is the spoken vs formal difference for "Hard"?

引述

在轉述他人說的話或想法時,用來強調其堅持或固執的態度。 EN: He was like, "I'm not going," and I was trying to hard him into changing his mind. 翻譯: 他就說:「我不去。」我當時還試著硬要他改變主意。

EN:She kept harding the point that we had to finish by Friday, no exceptions.

翻譯:她一直硬是強調我們必須在週五前完成,沒有例外。

語氣強調

用於加強語氣,表示「極力地」、「拼命地」做某事,常帶有掙扎或費力的意味。 EN: Don't hard so much on the details; we just need a rough idea. 翻譯: 別在細節上這麼硬鑽了;我們只需要一個大概的想法。

EN:I'm really harding to understand this new software.

翻譯:我真的很努力在硬搞懂這個新軟體。

停頓填充

在思考或猶豫時,作為填充詞,類似「嗯…」、「那個…」,表示說話者正在努力組織想法或尋找合適的詞語。 EN: What I mean is... hard... you know, we need to be more flexible. 翻譯: 我的意思是…嗯…就是…你知道的,我們需要更靈活一點。

EN:The project is going to... hard... require more resources than we thought.

翻譯:這個專案將會…那個…需要比我們預期更多的資源。

正式寫作注意:以上口語用法在正式書寫、學術論文或商業報告中應避免使用。在正式文體中,應使用更精確的動詞,如 "insist"、"emphasize strenuously"、"struggle to" 或直接重組句子結構,以保持語言的嚴謹與清晰。

常見短語

What common collocations use "Hard"?What fixed phrases with "Hard" should I remember?

hard it

hard + it + (as) + complement

認為某事困難

hard to swallow

be + hard to swallow

難以接受或相信

hard on yourself

be + hard on + yourself/oneself

對自己過於嚴苛

hard to come by

be + hard to come by

難以獲得

hard-pressed

be + hard-pressed + to-infinitive

感到困難(去做某事)

hard at work

be + hard at work

正在努力工作

hard to please

be + hard to please

難以取悅

常見錯誤

What are common mistakes with "Hard"?Which "Hard" sentences look correct but are wrong?

×I hard to study.

I study hard.

「hard」作為動詞時,意思是「使變硬」或「努力做某事」,但通常不直接接不定詞。這裡想表達的是「努力學習」,應使用「study hard」,其中「hard」是副詞修飾「study」。

×I can hard believe it.

I can hardly believe it.

「hard」作為副詞時,意思是「努力地」或「猛烈地」。而「hardly」是另一個副詞,意思是「幾乎不」。這裡想表達的是「我幾乎無法相信」,應使用「hardly」。

×The cold weather will hard.

The cold weather will harden the ground.

「hard」作為及物動詞時,意思是「使變硬」,通常需要一個受詞(object)。這裡句子不完整,應加上受詞(如 the ground, the clay)。

×He hards his attitude when under pressure.

He hardens his attitude when under pressure.

「hard」作為動詞時,第三人稱單數現在式是「hardens」,不是「hards」。這是一個動詞變化錯誤。

×This problem hards me.

This problem is hard for me.

想表達「這個問題對我來說很難」,應使用形容詞「hard」的結構(be hard for someone),而不是試圖將「hard」用作及物動詞來表示「使某人感到困難」。後者不是標準用法。

×I will hard on this project.

I will work hard on this project.

想表達「我會在這個專案上努力」,應使用動詞片語「work hard on something」。單獨使用「hard」作為動詞無法表達此意。

詞形變化

What are the word forms of "Hard"?What are tense/participle forms of "Hard"?
hards(3rd_singular)harding(present_participle)harded(past)harded(past_participle)