染色體是細胞核內攜帶遺傳訊息的結構。
生物學結構
EN: A thread-like structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.
翻譯: 一種由核酸和蛋白質組成的線狀結構，存在於大多數活細胞的細胞核中，以基因的形式攜帶遺傳訊息。
遺傳單位
EN: The complete set of these structures in an organism, which determines its characteristics.
翻譯: 生物體內完整的染色體組，決定了其特徵。
異常與疾病
EN: Abnormalities in the number or structure of chromosomes can lead to genetic disorders.
翻譯: 染色體數量或結構異常可能導致遺傳疾病。
性染色體
EN: A specific type of chromosome (such as X or Y) that determines the sex of an organism.
翻譯: 決定生物性別的特定染色體類型（例如 X 或 Y 染色體）。
小提醒：注意拼寫：是 'chromosome'，不是 'chromosone'。在中文中，'染色體' 是一個完整的名詞，不要寫成 '染色體體'。
點擊下方的 US / UK 按鈕可播放發音。
Real-life Examples of "Chromosome" from YouTube Videos
Animations of unseeable biology | Drew Berry | TED
TED
“This huge package of DNA is called a chromosome, And we'll come back to chromosomes in a minute.”
1. a thread-like structure in the nucleus of a cell, made of DNA and proteins, that carries genetic information
細胞核內由DNA和蛋白質組成的線狀結構，攜帶遺傳訊息
Each human cell normally contains 23 pairs of chromosomes.
每個正常人體細胞通常含有23對染色體。
The X and Y chromosomes determine the biological sex of an individual.
X和Y染色體決定個體的生物性別。
2. a specific structure or set of genes within a chromosome associated with a particular function or trait
染色體內與特定功能或性狀相關的特定結構或基因組
Scientists identified a chromosome region linked to increased risk of heart disease.
科學家發現了一個與心臟病風險增加相關的染色體區域。
The chromosome responsible for eye color is located on chromosome 15.
決定眼睛顏色的染色體位於第15號染色體上。
3. the complete set of chromosomes in a cell or organism, especially when visualized during cell division
細胞或生物體中完整的染色體組，尤指在細胞分裂期間可觀察到的狀態
The karyotype shows the number and appearance of chromosomes in an individual.
核型圖顯示了個體染色體的數量和外觀。
During mitosis, chromosomes condense and become visible under a microscope.
在有絲分裂期間，染色體會濃縮並在顯微鏡下變得可見。
4. a chromosome with an abnormal structure or number, often associated with genetic disorders
結構或數量異常的染色體，通常與遺傳疾病相關
Down syndrome is caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21.
唐氏症是由第21號染色體多出一份拷貝所引起。
Chromosome translocations can lead to certain types of cancer.
染色體易位可能導致某些類型的癌症。
| Pattern | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| chromosome + number | 第…號染色體 | The gene is located on chromosome 19. (該基因位於第19號染色體上。) |
| chromosome + pair | …對染色體 | Humans have 23 chromosome pairs. (人類有23對染色體。) |
| chromosome + of + organism | …生物的染色體 | The chromosome of a fruit fly is much smaller. (果蠅的染色體要小得多。) |
| a chromosome | 一條染色體 | Each cell contains a complete set of chromosomes. (每個細胞都含有一套完整的染色體。) |
| the X/Y chromosome | X/Y染色體 | The Y chromosome determines male sex characteristics. (Y染色體決定了男性的性別特徵。) |
| chromosome + abnormality/disorder | 染色體異常/疾病 | Down syndrome is caused by a chromosome abnormality. (唐氏症是由染色體異常引起的。) |
EN:A mutation occurred on the X chromosome.
翻譯:突變發生在X染色體上。
在描述染色體數量或泛指時使用複數形式 chromosomes，特指某一條染色體時則用單數形式 chromosome。
chromosome vs chromatin
chromosome 是細胞分裂時可見的濃縮結構，而 chromatin 是細胞平時 DNA 與蛋白質的鬆散複合體。
chromosome vs gene
chromosome 是承載基因的結構，而 gene 是決定遺傳性狀的 DNA 功能單位。
chromosome vs chromatid
在細胞分裂中期，一條複製後的 chromosome 由兩條相同的 chromatids 組成。
在對話中，當引述或提及一個已知的科學概念時，會用「chromosome」這個詞。 EN: I remember from biology class that a chromosome carries genetic information. 翻譯: 我記得生物課上說過，染色體攜帶遺傳訊息。
EN:The doctor mentioned something about an extra chromosome causing the condition.
翻譯:醫生提到多了一條染色體導致了這個狀況。
在口語中，有時會用「chromosome」來強調某事物是根本的、與生俱來的或無法改變的。 EN: His love for music is in his chromosomes, I swear. 翻譯: 我發誓，他對音樂的熱愛是刻在染色體裡的。
EN:Arguing about politics with them is pointless; it's like a different chromosome.
翻譯:跟他們爭論政治沒意義，那就像是不同的染色體（根本上的不同）。
在思考或組織語言時，可能會用「chromosome」作為一個具體的例子來填補停頓，尤其是在討論生物或遺傳話題時。 EN: The factors involved are complex... you know, genes, chromosome structure, environment... 翻譯: 涉及的因素很複雜...你知道的，基因、染色體結構、環境...
EN:It depends on many things—like, chromosome abnormalities can play a part.
翻譯:這取決於很多因素——比如說，染色體異常可能是一個因素。
正式寫作注意：在學術論文、科學報告或正式文件中，應嚴格使用「chromosome」的標準科學定義，避免上述口語中的比喻或誇張用法，以確保表述的精確性。
X chromosome
noun phrase
X染色體
Y chromosome
noun phrase
Y染色體
chromosome abnormality
noun phrase
染色體異常
chromosome pair
noun phrase
染色體對
sex chromosome
noun phrase
性染色體
to map a gene to a chromosome
verb phrase
將基因定位到染色體上
chromosome number
noun phrase
染色體數目
extra chromosome
noun phrase
額外染色體
×The human has 46 chromosome.
✓Humans have 46 chromosomes.
"Chromosome" is a countable noun. When referring to the full set, use the plural form "chromosomes".
×He has extra chromosome.
✓He has an extra chromosome.
When referring to a singular, countable noun like "chromosome", an article (a/an/the) is usually required.
×The chromosome's number is important.
✓The chromosome number is important.
While the possessive form ('s) is grammatically possible, it is more natural and common in scientific English to use "chromosome" as a noun modifier (compound noun) in phrases like "chromosome number", "chromosome structure", "chromosome abnormality".
×A chromosome is a unit of heredity.
✓A gene is a unit of heredity. / Chromosomes carry genes.
Do not confuse "chromosome" (the structure that carries genetic material) with "gene" (the specific unit of heredity). Genes are located on chromosomes.
×The chromosomes in the cell is visible under a microscope.
✓The chromosomes in the cell are visible under a microscope.
The subject "chromosomes" is plural, so the verb must agree and be plural ("are").
×chromozome, chromosone, chromasome
✓chromosome
Common misspellings. Remember the correct spelling: C-H-R-O-M-O-S-O-M-E. The "o" comes before the "s", and it ends with "-some".