Allele Meaning(定義、用法、例句與發音)

allele

noun

快速理解

What does "Allele" mean?What are 2-3 core uses of "Allele"?

等位基因是控制生物性狀的基因變體。

  1. 1

    基本定義

    EN: One of two or more alternative forms of a gene found at the same place on a chromosome.

    翻譯: 位於染色體同一位置上的基因,其兩個或多個可能形式之一。

  2. 2

    遺傳與性狀

    EN: Determines a specific hereditary characteristic, such as eye color or blood type.

    翻譯: 決定特定的遺傳性狀,例如眼睛顏色或血型。

  3. 3

    顯性與隱性

    EN: Can be dominant (expressed when present) or recessive (expressed only when two copies are present).

    翻譯: 可以是顯性(存在時即表現)或隱性(僅在擁有兩個相同拷貝時才表現)。

  4. 4

    族群遺傳學

    EN: The frequency of different alleles in a population is a key concept in population genetics.

    翻譯: 一個族群中不同等位基因的出現頻率,是族群遺傳學的核心概念。

小提醒:「allele」是基因的「版本」或「變體」,而不是一個完全不同的基因。例如,控制花朵顏色的基因可能有「紅色等位基因」和「白色等位基因」。

發音(How to Pronounce "Allele" in English

How to pronounce "Allele" in English?"Allele" US vs UK pronunciation

點擊下方的 US / UK 按鈕可播放發音。

Real-life Examples of "Allele" from YouTube Videos

Richard Resnick: Welcome to the genomic revolution

TED

There's an app for that. (Laughter). Personalized genomic massage- anyone? There's already a lab today that tests for allele 334 of the AVPR1 gene, the so-called cheating gene.

(1 out of 1)

Definitions(定義)

What are the definitions of "Allele"?How does "Allele" change by context?

1. one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome

等位基因;對偶基因

The gene for flower color in peas has two alleles: one for purple and one for white.

豌豆花色基因有兩個等位基因:一個決定紫色,一個決定白色。

A dominant allele will express its trait even if only one copy is present.

顯性等位基因即使只存在一個副本,也會表現出其性狀。

2. any of the possible forms in which a gene for a specific trait can occur

特定性狀基因的可能形式之一

Different alleles at a single locus can produce variations in a physical characteristic, such as eye color.

單一基因座上的不同等位基因會導致身體特徵(如眼睛顏色)的變異。

Genetic diversity within a population is maintained by the presence of multiple alleles for various genes.

族群內的遺傳多樣性是由於各種基因存在多個等位基因而得以維持。

3. in population genetics, a variant form of a gene that contributes to the genetic makeup of a population

(族群遺傳學中)構成族群遺傳組成之基因的變異形式

The frequency of a particular allele in a population can change over time due to evolutionary pressures.

族群中特定等位基因的頻率會因演化壓力而隨時間改變。

Scientists studied the distribution of the sickle cell allele across different geographic regions.

科學家研究了鐮刀型紅血球等位基因在不同地理區域的分佈情況。

Grammar & Patterns(句型)

What are common sentence patterns for "Allele"?How to make natural sentences with "Allele"?
PatternMeaningExample
allele + for + gene表示特定基因的等位基因The allele for blue eyes is recessive. (藍色眼睛的等位基因是隱性的。)
dominant/recessive + allele顯性/隱性等位基因The disease is caused by a dominant allele. (這種疾病是由一個顯性等位基因引起的。)
inherit + an allele + from + someone從某人遺傳到一個等位基因She inherited the allele from her mother. (她從母親那裡遺傳了這個等位基因。)
allele + frequency等位基因頻率Scientists studied the allele frequency in the population. (科學家研究了該族群中的等位基因頻率。)
a pair of alleles一對等位基因Each gene is represented by a pair of alleles. (每個基因由一對等位基因代表。)

用法說明

How is "Allele" different from similar structures?What usage mistakes are common with "Allele"?

allele vs. alleles

  • allele 是一個可數名詞,指位於染色體上特定基因座(locus)的單一基因變體。
  • alleles 是複數形式,指在同一個基因座上存在的兩個或多個不同的基因變體。
  • 在描述單一個體的特定基因座時,通常會提到兩個 alleles(一個來自父親,一個來自母親)。
  • 在討論族群遺傳時,會關注某個基因座上所有可能的 alleles 及其頻率。 EN: The brown eye color is determined by a dominant allele. 翻譯: 棕眼顏色是由一個顯性等位基因決定的。

EN:The gene for flower color in peas has two main alleles: one for purple and one for white.

翻譯:豌豆花色基因有兩個主要的等位基因:一個決定紫色,一個決定白色。

總結建議

使用單數 allele 指單一變體,使用複數 alleles 指多個變體或在同源染色體上成對出現的基因形式。

易混淆對比

What is the difference between "Allele" and similar words?How to choose "Allele" vs alternatives?

allele vs gene

基因是決定遺傳特徵的DNA片段,而等位基因是該基因在染色體上的特定變體形式。一個基因可以有不同版本的等位基因。

allele vs locus

基因座是染色體上基因的特定位置,而等位基因是位於該位置上的基因變體。

allele vs genotype

等位基因是單一的基因變體,而基因型是個體在特定基因座上所擁有的兩個等位基因的組合。

口語用法

How is "Allele" used in spoken English?What is the spoken vs formal difference for "Allele"?

引述

在口語中,當引述或提及他人對基因概念的解釋時,會使用這個詞。 EN: My biology teacher kept saying "allele" during the lecture, but I was still confused. 翻譯: 我的生物老師在課堂上一直提到「allele」,但我還是不太明白。

EN:She explained it as, "Think of an allele as a different version of a gene."

翻譯:她解釋說:「你可以把 allele 想成是基因的不同版本。」

語氣強調

在討論遺傳特徵或變異時,用來強調特定基因版本的關鍵性。 EN: It's that specific allele that causes the trait, not just the gene in general. 翻譯: 導致這個性狀的正是那個特定的 allele,而不僅僅是泛指的那個基因。

EN:The rare allele is what makes all the difference in this case.

翻譯:在這個案例中,那個罕見的 allele 才是關鍵所在。

停頓填充

在組織思緒或尋找精確術語時,可能會重複或停頓地使用這個詞。 EN: The inheritance pattern depends on the... allele... interactions between the two alleles, actually. 翻譯: 這種遺傳模式取決於... allele... 實際上是兩個 allele 之間的相互作用。

EN:So if the dominant allele is, you know, present, then the recessive one gets masked.

翻譯:所以如果顯性的 allele,你知道的,存在的話,那麼隱性的那個就會被掩蓋。

正式寫作注意:在學術論文或正式報告中,應避免上述口語用法。首次提及時應給出完整定義,後續使用需保持前後一致且精確,不應將其用作填充詞或帶有過多口語強調。

常見短語

What common collocations use "Allele"?What fixed phrases with "Allele" should I remember?

dominant allele

adj + allele

顯性等位基因

recessive allele

adj + allele

隱性等位基因

mutant allele

adj + allele

突變等位基因

wild-type allele

adj + allele

野生型等位基因

carry an allele

verb + an allele

攜帶一個等位基因

allele frequency

allele + noun

等位基因頻率

multiple alleles

adj + alleles

複等位基因

inherit an allele

verb + an allele

遺傳一個等位基因

常見錯誤

What are common mistakes with "Allele"?Which "Allele" sentences look correct but are wrong?

×The allele of this gene is dominant.

This allele is dominant.

「allele」本身即指基因的特定形式,因此「allele of this gene」是冗餘的說法。直接使用「This allele」或「The allele」即可。

×An allele is a gene.

An allele is a variant form of a gene.

「allele」不是「gene」的同義詞。一個基因(gene)可以有許多不同的等位基因(alleles),它們是該基因的特定版本或變體。

×He has the blue eyes allele.

He has the allele for blue eyes.

在描述等位基因對應的性狀時,應使用介系詞「for」來連接,例如「allele for [trait]」。使用所有格形式(如 blue eyes allele)在生物學術語中不標準。

×The allele frequency are high.

The allele frequency is high.

「allele frequency」(等位基因頻率)是一個單數的複合名詞,動詞應使用單數形式「is」。

×Each person has two allele for each gene.

Each person has two alleles for each gene.

在二倍體生物中,每個基因座通常有兩個等位基因(一個來自父親,一個來自母親)。因此,在表示數量時應使用複數形式「alleles」。

×The mutation created a new allele.

The mutation created a new allele. (Context-dependent: May be correct, but often 'variant' or 'form' is more precise initially)

雖然這句話在語法上正確,但在嚴謹的學術寫作中,初學者可能誤用「new allele」來指任何新發現的變體。更精確的說法是強調它是基因的「new variant」或「new form」,因為「allele」本身已隱含「變體」之意。關鍵在於區分「新發現的」與「新產生的」等位基因。

詞形變化

What are the word forms of "Allele"?What are tense/participle forms of "Allele"?