1. a person who is not a member of the military or police
非軍人或警察的普通百姓
The soldiers were ordered not to harm any civilians.
士兵們被命令不得傷害任何平民。
The area was evacuated, and only civilians were allowed to return.
該區域被疏散，只有平民被允許返回。
Civilian Meaning（定義、用法、例句與發音）
civilian
noun
快速理解
What does "Civilian" mean?What are 2-3 core uses of "Civilian"?
指不屬於軍隊或警察等武裝組織的普通百姓。
- 1
平民（相對於軍警）
EN: a person who is not a member of the military or police
翻譯: 指不屬於軍隊或警察等武裝組織的普通百姓。
- 2
平民（相對於政府官員）
EN: a person who is not a member of a particular profession or official group, especially in government
翻譯: 指不屬於特定專業或官方團體（尤指政府）的普通人。
- 3
平民生活/領域
EN: relating to ordinary people and their daily lives, not military or official matters
翻譯: 指與普通百姓及其日常生活相關的，而非軍事或官方事務的。
小提醒：注意："civilian" 是名詞也是形容詞。作為形容詞時，常置於名詞前，如 "civilian clothes"（便服）、"civilian life"（平民生活）。
發音（How to Pronounce "Civilian" in English）
How to pronounce "Civilian" in English?"Civilian" US vs UK pronunciation
點擊下方的 US / UK 按鈕可播放發音。
Real-life Examples of "Civilian" from YouTube Videos
Jake Wood: A new mission for veterans -- disaster relief
TED
“The second problem that we became aware of was a very inadequate veteran reintegration, and this is a topic that is front page news right now, as veterans are coming home from Iraq and Afghanistan and they're struggling to reintegrate into civilian life.”
(1 out of 8)
Definitions（定義）
What are the definitions of "Civilian"?How does "Civilian" change by context?
2. a person who is not a member of a particular profession or specialized group
非特定專業或專門團體成員的普通人
As a civilian, I don't understand all the technical jargon they use.
作為一個外行人，我不懂他們使用的所有技術術語。
The project manager explained the plan in terms that civilians could understand.
專案經理用外行人能理解的說法解釋了計畫。
3. relating to or suitable for ordinary people, not military or specialized
與平民相關的；適合普通人的，非軍事或專業的
After retiring from the army, he returned to civilian life.
從軍隊退役後，他回歸了平民生活。
She was wearing civilian clothes instead of her uniform.
她穿著便服，而不是她的制服。
The company produces both military and civilian versions of the aircraft.
這家公司生產軍用和民用兩種版本的飛機。
Grammar & Patterns（句型）
What are common sentence patterns for "Civilian"?How to make natural sentences with "Civilian"?
| Pattern | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| civilian + noun | 平民的… | The soldiers entered the **civilian** area. (士兵們進入了平民區域。) |
| a civilian | 一位平民 | He was a **civilian**, not a soldier. (他是一位平民，不是士兵。) |
| civilians | 平民（複數） | The attack resulted in the deaths of many **civilians**. (這次襲擊導致許多平民死亡。) |
| civilian life | 平民生活 | After retiring from the army, he returned to **civilian life**. (從軍隊退役後，他回歸了平民生活。) |
| civilian casualties | 平民傷亡 | The report highlighted the high number of **civilian casualties**. (報告強調了平民傷亡人數之高。) |
| target/kill civilians | 以平民為目標/殺害平民 | The law of war forbids deliberately **targeting civilians**. (戰爭法禁止蓄意以平民為目標。) |
用法說明
How is "Civilian" different from similar structures?What usage mistakes are common with "Civilian"?
civilian vs. civilians
- civilian 作為不可數名詞時，指與軍隊、警察等相對的「平民身分」或「平民狀態」。
- civilians 作為可數名詞複數，指具體的「平民百姓」或「非軍事人員」。
- 當泛指概念或群體時，常用 civilian；當指特定、具體的個人或一群人時，則用 civilians。
對比例句： EN: The new law protects the rights of the civilian. 翻譯: 這項新法律保障平民的權利。
EN:Several civilians were injured in the crossfire.
翻譯:有幾名平民在交火中受傷。
總結建議
使用時需根據語境判斷是指抽象概念（用 civilian）還是具體的個體（用 civilians）。
易混淆對比
What is the difference between "Civilian" and similar words?How to choose "Civilian" vs alternatives?
civilian vs citizen
「civilian」強調非軍事人員的身分，而「citizen」則指擁有某國國籍或特定城市權利的居民。
civilian vs civil
「civilian」是名詞，指平民；「civil」是形容詞，描述與公民社會、法律或禮儀相關的事物。
civilian vs noncombatant
「civilian」泛指所有非軍事人員；「noncombatant」在軍事語境中特指不直接參與戰鬥的人員（可能包括軍醫、隨軍牧師等）。
口語用法
How is "Civilian" used in spoken English?What is the spoken vs formal difference for "Civilian"?
引述
在對話中，當引述或轉述他人對「平民」的稱呼或分類時，常會使用這個詞。 EN: He kept saying, "I'm just a civilian, I don't know about military procedures." 翻譯: 他一直說：「我只是個平民，不懂軍事程序。」
EN:In the report, they referred to the victims as "innocent civilians caught in the crossfire."
翻譯:在報告中，他們將受害者稱為「被困在交火中的無辜平民」。
語氣強調
為了強調與軍人、警察或專業人士的對比，會特別加重「civilian」的語氣，以凸顯普通人的身份或立場。 EN: After twenty years in the army, adjusting to civilian life was a real challenge. 翻譯: 在軍隊待了二十年後，適應平民生活真是一大挑戰。
EN:This isn't some military operation; we need a civilian perspective on this issue.
翻譯:這又不是什麼軍事行動；我們需要從平民的角度來看這個問題。
停頓填充
在組織思緒或尋找合適詞語時，有時會用「as a civilian...」或「for a civilian...」作為短暫的停頓，引出個人的觀點或經驗。 EN: Well, as a civilian, I find the whole security protocol a bit overwhelming. 翻譯: 呃，作為一個平民，我覺得整個安全程序有點讓人吃不消。
EN:That's actually pretty advanced technology, for a civilian product.
翻譯:以一個民用產品來說，那技術其實相當先進。
正式書寫注意：在正式報告或學術寫作中，應避免將「civilian」用於上述口語中的停頓填充或過於隨意的語氣強調。建議使用更精確、客觀的表述，例如「from a non-military perspective」或「members of the general public」。
常見短語
What common collocations use "Civilian"?What fixed phrases with "Civilian" should I remember?
civilian casualties
noun phrase
平民傷亡
civilian population
noun phrase
平民人口
return to civilian life
verb phrase
回歸平民生活
in civilian clothes
prepositional phrase
穿著便服
civilian control
noun phrase
文官統治；平民控制
innocent civilian
noun phrase
無辜平民
civilian oversight
noun phrase
民間監督
常見錯誤
What are common mistakes with "Civilian"?Which "Civilian" sentences look correct but are wrong?
×He is a civil.
✓He is a civilian.
「civil」是形容詞，意思是「民用的、民事的」，不能直接當名詞使用。指「平民」時必須使用名詞「civilian」。
×The civilian people were evacuated.
✓The civilians were evacuated.
「civilian」本身已指「平民」，加上「people」會造成語意重複。直接使用「civilians」即可。
×She works in a civilian cloth.
✓She wears civilian clothes.
「civilian」作形容詞時，常用搭配是「civilian clothes」（便服，相對於軍裝），而非「civilian cloth」。且「work in」在此語境不自然，應使用「wear」。
×He returned to the civilian life.
✓He returned to civilian life.
「civilian life」（平民生活）是一個不可數的抽象概念，前面通常不加冠詞「the」。
×The civilian was killed by the army.
✓The civilian was killed by soldiers. / The civilian was killed in an army operation.
「by the army」語意模糊，聽起來像是「軍隊」這個機構本身殺人。通常更具體地說明是「被士兵殺害」或「在軍事行動中遇害」。
×I am a normal civilian.
✓I am an ordinary civilian. / I am just a civilian.
形容平民的「普通」，英文習慣用「ordinary」而非「normal」。「normal」多用於描述狀態或事物符合標準。
詞形變化
What are the word forms of "Civilian"?What are tense/participle forms of "Civilian"?