1. to give a brief statement of the main points of something
總結，概括
Can you sum up the main arguments of the article?
你能總結一下這篇文章的主要論點嗎？
The report sums up the findings of the investigation.
這份報告概括了調查的發現。
Sum Meaning（定義、用法、例句與發音）
sum
verb
快速理解
What does "Sum" mean?What are 2-3 core uses of "Sum"?
「sum」作動詞時，主要指計算總數或總結要點。
- 1
計算總和
EN: to calculate the total of numbers
翻譯: 計算數字的總和
- 2
總結概括
EN: to summarize the main points
翻譯: 總結要點
- 3
總計達到
EN: to amount to a total
翻譯: 總計達到（某個數額）
小提醒：「sum up」是常見的動詞片語，意為「總結、概括」，不要與名詞「sum」（總額）混淆。
發音（How to Pronounce "Sum" in English）
How to pronounce "Sum" in English?"Sum" US vs UK pronunciation
點擊下方的 US / UK 按鈕可播放發音。
Real-life Examples of "Sum" from YouTube Videos
Should You Move Your Company to Silicon Valley? - Eric Migicovsky, Pebble Founder
Y Combinator
“so, to sum up, here's why you should probably move your, your startup, to Silicon Valley.”
(1 out of 37)
Definitions（定義）
What are the definitions of "Sum"?How does "Sum" change by context?
2. to add numbers or amounts together to find a total
計算總和，加總
Please sum these figures for the quarterly report.
請為季度報告加總這些數字。
The accountant summed the expenses to determine the final cost.
會計師將各項支出加總以確定最終成本。
3. to be the total or essence of something
總括，代表（某事物的全部或精髓）
His philosophy can be summed up in one word: freedom.
他的哲學可以用一個詞來總括：自由。
The final scene sums up the entire theme of the movie.
最後一幕代表了整部電影的主題。
Grammar & Patterns（句型）
What are common sentence patterns for "Sum"?How to make natural sentences with "Sum"?
| Pattern | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| sum + up | 總結，概括 | Let me sum up the main points of the meeting. (讓我總結一下會議的要點。) |
| sum + noun (e.g., situation, feeling) | 總結（某事物） | The report sums the current economic situation. (這份報告總結了當前的經濟形勢。) |
| be summed up + as + noun phrase | 被概括為… | His philosophy can be summed up as "live and let live." (他的哲學可以被概括為「自己活也讓別人活」。) |
| sum + up + to + amount | 總計達到（某金額） | The costs sum up to over ten thousand dollars. (這些費用總計超過一萬元。) |
用法說明
How is "Sum" different from similar structures?What usage mistakes are common with "Sum"?
sum up vs sum to
- sum up 通常指「總結、概括」某個論點、情況或一系列事實，強調歸納出要點或結論。
- sum to 則是一個數學或計算用語，意思是「總計為、加起來等於」，後面直接接一個數字或總量。
- 在非正式口語中，sum up 有時也可用於快速計算總數，但 sum to 絕不用來表示「總結觀點」。 EN: Let me sum up the main points of our discussion. 翻譯: 讓我來總結一下我們討論的要點。
EN:These expenses sum to a total of five thousand dollars.
翻譯:這些開支總計為五千美元。
總結建議
在表達「總結」時使用 sum up，在表示「總計為某個數字」時使用 sum to。
易混淆對比
What is the difference between "Sum" and similar words?How to choose "Sum" vs alternatives?
sum vs add
「sum」強調計算的總和結果，通常作為名詞或動詞，指得出總數；「add」則專注於「相加」這個動作過程。
sum vs total
「sum」通常指多個數字相加的算術結果；「total」含義更廣，可指任何事物的總量、總額或總數，使用更普遍。
sum vs calculate
「sum」特指「求和」或「總結」；「calculate」涵蓋所有類型的數學計算，範圍更廣。
口語用法
How is "Sum" used in spoken English?What is the spoken vs formal difference for "Sum"?
引述
在對話中，當引述或總結他人剛說過的話時，常用 "sum up" 來開頭，表示「總而言之」或「簡單來說」。 EN: So, to sum up what you just said, we need more time and resources. 翻譯: 所以，總結你剛才說的，我們需要更多時間和資源。
EN:Let me sum up the main points: costs are down, but sales are flat.
翻譯:讓我總結一下重點：成本下降了，但銷售持平。
語氣強調
在非正式對話中，"sum it up" 或 "that sums it up" 常用來強烈地表示「這就是全部了」或「一語道破」，帶有結束討論或強調結論的語氣。 EN: We argued for hours, but his final comment just summed it up perfectly. 翻譯: 我們爭論了好幾個小時，但他最後的評論完美地總結了一切。
EN:Boring, expensive, and poorly organized—that about sums up the event.
翻譯:無聊、昂貴且組織混亂——這大概就是對這場活動的總結了。
停頓填充
在思考或組織語言時，說話者可能會用 "to sum up," 或 "summing it up," 作為一個填充短語，為接下來的結論爭取一點時間。 EN: We've looked at the design, the budget, and the timeline... to sum up, I think we should proceed. 翻譯: 我們已經看過了設計、預算和時間表……總而言之，我認為我們應該繼續。
EN:There are pros and cons on both sides. Summing it up, the benefits outweigh the risks.
翻譯:雙方都有優缺點。概括來說，好處大於風險。
正式寫作注意：在正式或學術寫作中，應避免使用 "sum it up" 或 "that sums it up" 這類口語化表達。建議改用更正式的片語，如 "in conclusion," "to summarize," 或 "in summary,"。
常見短語
What common collocations use "Sum"?What fixed phrases with "Sum" should I remember?
sum up
sum up [something]
總結，概括
sum total
the sum total of [something]
總和，總計
lump sum
a lump sum
一次總付的金額，整筆款項
sum of its parts
greater/more than the sum of its parts
整體大於部分的總和
to sum it up
to sum it up
總而言之
in sum
in sum
總之，簡言之
常見錯誤
What are common mistakes with "Sum"?Which "Sum" sentences look correct but are wrong?
×I need to sum the total.
✓I need to sum up the total.
作為動詞時，'sum' 通常與 'up' 連用，形成片語動詞 'sum up'，意為『總結、計算總和』。單獨使用 'sum' 作動詞較不常見，且聽起來不自然。
×The accountant summed.
✓The accountant summed up the figures.
動詞 'sum up' 是及物動詞，後面必須接賓語（要總結或計算的內容）。不能單獨使用而不提及總結的對象。
×To sum, we need more data.
✓To sum up, we need more data.
固定片語 'to sum up' 用於引導總結性發言，意為『總而言之』。此處的 'up' 不可省略。
×Can you sum the numbers for me?
✓Can you add up the numbers for me?
雖然 'sum up' 有計算總和的意思，但在日常口語中，表達『把數字加起來』更常使用 'add up'。'Sum up' 更側重於『總結要點、得出結論』的抽象概念。
×The report was summed.
✓The report was summed up.
在被動語態中，片語動詞 'sum up' 的粒子 'up' 必須保留，不能省略。
詞形變化
What are the word forms of "Sum"?What are tense/participle forms of "Sum"?
sums(3rd_singular)summing(present_participle)summed(past)summed(past_participle)