1. approximately; not exactly
大約，大概
The journey takes roughly two hours.
這段旅程大約需要兩小時。
Roughly half of the students passed the exam.
大約有一半的學生通過了考試。
The cost is roughly estimated at $500.
費用粗略估計為500美元。
Roughly Meaning（定義、用法、例句與發音）
roughly
adverb
快速理解
What does "Roughly" mean?What are 2-3 core uses of "Roughly"?
「roughly」主要表示不精確的估計、大致的描述或粗暴的行為方式。
- 1
大約、大概
EN: approximately; not exactly
翻譯: 表示一個不精確的數字或數量，接近但不完全準確。
- 2
大致上、粗略地
EN: in a general or approximate way
翻譯: 描述事物時不深入細節，只給出概略的輪廓或描述。
- 3
粗暴地、粗魯地
EN: in a harsh, violent, or not gentle manner
翻譯: 指以不細心、不溫柔或帶有力量的方式對待人或物。
小提醒：注意「roughly」在表示「大約」時，通常用於數字或數量前（如 roughly 100 people），而中文的「粗略地」則可能用於描述方式（如 粗略地看過）。
發音（How to Pronounce "Roughly" in English）
How to pronounce "Roughly" in English?"Roughly" US vs UK pronunciation
點擊下方的 US / UK 按鈕可播放發音。
Real-life Examples of "Roughly" from YouTube Videos
Elon Musk On How To Be Most Useful
Y Combinator
“yeah, exactly, area under the curve is would actually be roughly similar for those two things.”
(1 out of 42)
Definitions（定義）
What are the definitions of "Roughly"?How does "Roughly" change by context?
2. in a rough or harsh manner; not gently
粗暴地，粗魯地
He pushed the door roughly open.
他粗暴地把門推開。
The fabric was handled roughly and began to tear.
這塊布料被粗魯地對待，開始撕裂。
She spoke to him roughly, without any kindness.
她對他說話很粗魯，毫無善意。
3. in a way that is not detailed or finished; in a basic form
粗略地，大致上
He sketched the plan roughly on a napkin.
他在餐巾紙上粗略地畫出了計畫草圖。
The idea was roughly outlined in the first meeting.
這個想法在第一次會議中大致上被勾勒出來。
The data was analyzed roughly before the detailed report.
在撰寫詳細報告前，數據被粗略地分析過。
Grammar & Patterns（句型）
What are common sentence patterns for "Roughly"?How to make natural sentences with "Roughly"?
| Pattern | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| roughly + number/amount | 大約，大概（用於數字或數量前） | The project will take roughly three months to complete. (這個專案大約需要三個月才能完成。) |
| roughly + adjective | 粗略地，大致上（用於描述性質或狀態） | The two designs are roughly similar. (這兩個設計大致上相似。) |
| roughly + verb (past participle) | 粗略地（做某事），不精確地 | The area was roughly estimated at 500 square meters. (該區域被粗略估計為500平方公尺。) |
| roughly speaking | 大致上來說，概括而言 | Roughly speaking, we can divide the customers into two groups. (大致上來說，我們可以將客戶分為兩組。) |
| treat/handle + someone + roughly | 粗魯地對待某人 | He was accused of treating the equipment roughly. (他被指控粗魯地使用設備。) |
用法說明
How is "Roughly" different from similar structures?What usage mistakes are common with "Roughly"?
roughly 與 about 的用法區別
- roughly 強調估算或描述時帶有「不精確、大概、粗略」的意味，常暗示結果是基於快速判斷或近似值，而非精確計算。
- about 則是一個更通用、更口語化的「大約」，不一定帶有「粗略」的負面含義，可能只是省略了小數點後的數字。
- 在描述時間、數量、尺寸時，兩者常可互換，但 roughly 更突顯其「不精準」的本質。
- 在修飾動詞（如
roughly estimate,roughly speaking）或描述行為方式（如treat roughly）時，通常不使用 about 替代。 EN: The project will take roughly three months to complete. 翻譯: 這個專案大概需要三個月完成。（強調是粗略估計）
EN:The project will take about three months to complete.
翻譯:這個專案大約需要三個月完成。（中性表述，可能基於計畫）
EN:He roughly estimated the cost at ten thousand dollars.
翻譯:他粗略地估計成本約一萬美元。
EN:The cost is about ten thousand dollars.
翻譯:成本大約是一萬美元。
總結建議
在需要強調估算的「不精確性」或「近似性」時使用 roughly，而在一般性、中性地表達「大約」時，兩者皆可，但 about 更為常見口語。
易混淆對比
What is the difference between "Roughly" and similar words?How to choose "Roughly" vs alternatives?
roughly vs approximately
兩者皆表示「大約」，但 'roughly' 更強調不精確的估算，可能帶有隨意或概略的語氣；'approximately' 則較為正式、中性，常用於書面或較精確的場合。
roughly vs about
'roughly' 與 'about' 常可互換，但 'roughly' 更強調估算的粗略性，有時帶有「差不多但可能不準」的含義；'about' 是最通用、口語化的說法。
roughly vs around
'roughly' 與 'around' 在表示數字範圍時相似，但 'around' 更口語化且常用於時間或地點的「附近」；'roughly' 則更聚焦於數值估算的概略性。
口語用法
How is "Roughly" used in spoken English?What is the spoken vs formal difference for "Roughly"?
引述
在引述他人說法或轉述不精確的資訊時，常用 "roughly" 來表示「大概、據說」。 EN: He said the meeting would be roughly at noon. 翻譯: 他說會議大概在中午左右。
EN:I heard they roughly finished the project last week.
翻譯:我聽說他們大概上週完成了專案。
語氣強調
用於強調某個數字或描述只是個粗略的估計，並非精確值，帶有「充其量、也就差不多」的語氣。 EN: It'll take roughly an hour, maybe more if traffic is bad. 翻譯: 大概要花一小時，如果交通不好可能更久。
EN:We have roughly ten people coming, so order a bit extra.
翻譯:我們大概有十個人會來，所以多訂一點。
停頓填充
在思考或組織語句時，作為短暫的停頓填充詞，類似「呃…大概…」的用法，讓說話不那麼絕對。 EN: The cost is... roughly... around fifty dollars. 翻譯: 費用是…大概…五十美元左右。
EN:We need to leave at... roughly... eight o'clock.
翻譯:我們需要在…大概…八點左右出發。
正式寫作注意：在正式報告或學術寫作中，應避免將 "roughly" 用作停頓填充詞。建議使用更精確的表述，如 "approximately"、"about" 或直接給出具體數據範圍，以保持文章的嚴謹性。
常見短語
What common collocations use "Roughly"?What fixed phrases with "Roughly" should I remember?
roughly about
roughly about [number/amount]
大約、大概（某個數字或數量）
roughly the same
roughly the same [as something]
大致相同
roughly translated
roughly translated (as)
粗略翻譯為
roughly speaking
roughly speaking
大致上來說、粗略地說
roughly estimate
roughly estimate [that/to be]
粗略估計
roughly equivalent
roughly equivalent to
大致相當於
roughly divided
roughly divided into
大致分為
常見錯誤
What are common mistakes with "Roughly"?Which "Roughly" sentences look correct but are wrong?
×The project will finish roughly in two weeks.
✓The project will finish in roughly two weeks.
「roughly」修飾時間長度時，通常放在時間單位之前，而不是放在介系詞之前。
×He spoke roughly to his friend.
✓He spoke harshly/rudely to his friend.
「roughly」主要表示「大約、粗略地」，不表示「粗魯地、嚴厲地」。表示態度或說話方式粗魯時，應使用「harshly」、「rudely」或「roughly」的形容詞形式「in a rough manner」。
×The population is roughly 50,000 people.
✓The population is roughly 50,000.
使用「roughly」表示大約數字時，後面直接接數字即可，不需要再加「people」等單位名詞，因為主詞「population」已經說明了是什麼的數量。
×I roughly know how to solve this problem.
✓I have a rough idea of how to solve this problem.
「roughly」作為副詞，通常修飾動詞（如 estimate、calculate）或形容詞/副詞（如 the same、equivalent）。表示「大致知道」時，更自然的說法是「have a rough idea」。
×Roughly speaking, he is a good person.
✓Generally speaking, he is a good person.
「Roughly speaking」用於描述數字、數量、過程或外觀的粗略概況，不適用於描述人的性格或抽象品質。描述一般性情況應使用「Generally speaking」。
詞形變化
What are the word forms of "Roughly"?What are tense/participle forms of "Roughly"?