infrastructure 指維持社會、經濟或組織運作所需的基礎系統與設施。
實體基礎設施
EN: The physical systems like roads, bridges, and power grids that support a society.
翻譯: 支撐社會運作的實體系統，如道路、橋樑、電網等。
組織/技術基礎
EN: The basic organizational or technological framework needed for an operation.
翻譯: 維持某項運作所需的基本組織或技術架構。
經濟/軍事基礎
EN: The foundational facilities and installations for economic or military activity.
翻譯: 支持經濟或軍事活動的基礎設施與設備。
軟體/系統基礎
EN: The underlying software, hardware, or services that enable a system to function.
翻譯: 使一個系統得以運作的底層軟體、硬體或服務。
小提醒：infrastructure 是不可數名詞，通常不加 's'。談論多個國家的基礎設施時，會說 'the infrastructure of different countries'，而非 'infrastructures'。
點擊下方的 US / UK 按鈕可播放發音。
Real-life Examples of "Infrastructure" from YouTube Videos
Know Why You're Starting a Company - Danae Ringelmann of Indiegogo
Y Combinator
“um, if we want to truly empower the world, we have to be everywhere in the world, and that forc us to do the hard work to to create the backend infrastructure so that we could serve every customer in every country across the world.”
1. the basic physical and organizational structures and facilities needed for the operation of a society or enterprise
一個社會或企業運作所需的基本物理和組織結構與設施
The country needs to invest more in its transportation infrastructure, such as roads and bridges.
該國需要對其交通基礎設施，如道路和橋樑，投入更多資金。
Reliable electricity and water supply are essential parts of a city's infrastructure.
可靠的電力與供水是城市基礎設施的重要組成部分。
2. the underlying foundation or basic framework of a system or organization
一個系統或組織的底層基礎或基本架構
The company is upgrading its IT infrastructure to improve data security.
該公司正在升級其資訊科技基礎設施，以提升資料安全性。
A strong legal infrastructure is crucial for attracting foreign investment.
健全的法律基礎設施對於吸引外國投資至關重要。
3. the permanent installations required for military operations
軍事行動所需的永久性設施
The air force base has sophisticated infrastructure to support its fleet of fighter jets.
該空軍基地擁有精密的基礎設施來支持其戰鬥機隊。
Protecting critical national infrastructure from cyber attacks is a top priority.
保護國家關鍵基礎設施免受網路攻擊是首要任務。
| Pattern | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| infrastructure + for + noun | 用於…的基礎設施 | The city is building new infrastructure for public transportation. (這座城市正在為公共交通建設新的基礎設施。) |
| infrastructure + of + noun | …的基礎設施 | The aging infrastructure of the power grid needs urgent upgrades. (電網老化的基礎設施急需升級。) |
| invest in + infrastructure | 投資基礎設施 | The government plans to invest heavily in digital infrastructure. (政府計劃大力投資數位基礎設施。) |
| develop / improve + infrastructure | 發展/改善基礎設施 | Improving the country's infrastructure is key to economic growth. (改善國家的基礎設施是經濟成長的關鍵。) |
| critical / essential / modern + infrastructure | 關鍵的/必要的/現代的基礎設施 | Reliable internet access is now considered essential infrastructure. (可靠的網路連線現在被視為必要的基礎設施。) |
| infrastructure + project / development | 基礎設施項目/發展 | The new bridge is a major infrastructure project. (這座新橋樑是一個重大的基礎設施項目。) |
對比範例： EN: The government plans to invest heavily in digital infrastructure. 翻譯: 政府計劃大力投資數位基礎設施。
EN:The country lacks the basic infrastructure for economic growth.
翻譯:該國缺乏經濟增長所需的基礎設施。
對比範例： EN: We need to improve our transportation infrastructure. 翻譯: 我們需要改善我們的交通基礎設施。
EN:Comparing the infrastructures of the two cities reveals stark differences.
翻譯:比較這兩座城市的基礎設施系統，可看出顯著差異。
在大多數情況下，將 infrastructure 視為不可數名詞使用，不加冠詞 a/an，也避免使用複數形式。
infrastructure vs facility
infrastructure 指支撐社會運作的基礎建設系統（如道路、電網），而 facility 通常指具體的單一建築或場所（如體育館、工廠）。
infrastructure vs structure
infrastructure 強調功能性、服務性的基礎系統，structure 則側重物理構造或組織架構。
infrastructure vs framework
infrastructure 指實體或技術的基礎建設，framework 則多指概念性、規則性或軟體上的框架。
在對話中，當引述或轉述他人對基礎建設的評論時，常會用「infrastructure」這個詞來保持原意。 EN: He kept talking about how the city's infrastructure is falling apart. 翻譯: 他一直在說這座城市的基礎設施有多麼破敗不堪。
EN:Everyone at the meeting agreed that infrastructure investment is crucial.
翻譯:會議上的每個人都同意，基礎設施投資至關重要。
在口語中，有時會重讀或拉長「infrastructure」來表達對其重要性或現狀不滿的強調。 EN: We don't just need new parks; we need fundamental infrastructure upgrades. 翻譯: 我們需要的可不只是新公園，我們需要的是根本的基礎設施升級。
EN:The real problem here is the infrastructure—it's ancient.
翻譯:這裡真正的問題是基礎設施——它太老舊了。
在組織思緒或尋找合適詞語時，說話者可能會用「infrastructure」作為一個具體的填充詞，來替代更模糊的詞如「things」或「systems」。 EN: The project delays are due to... infrastructure challenges, mainly with permits. 翻譯: 專案延誤是因為...基礎設施方面的挑戰，主要是許可證的問題。
EN:Our focus should be on the bigger picture—infrastructure, logistics, that sort of thing.
翻譯:我們的焦點應該放在更大的藍圖上——基礎設施、物流，諸如此類的事情。
正式寫作注意：在正式報告或學術寫作中，應更精確地使用「infrastructure」，並具體說明其類型（如：transportation infrastructure, digital infrastructure），避免在口語中常見的泛指或填充用法。
critical infrastructure
adjective + infrastructure
關鍵基礎設施
infrastructure project
infrastructure + noun
基礎設施項目/工程
invest in infrastructure
verb + in + infrastructure
投資基礎設施
digital infrastructure
adjective + infrastructure
數位基礎設施
infrastructure spending
infrastructure + noun
基礎設施支出
aging infrastructure
adjective + infrastructure
老化的基礎設施
transportation infrastructure
noun + infrastructure
交通基礎設施
upgrade the infrastructure
verb + the + infrastructure
升級基礎設施
×The government needs to build a new infrastructure.
✓The government needs to build new infrastructure.
"Infrastructure" is usually an uncountable noun in English. It refers to the collective systems and facilities of a country or organization. Therefore, we do not use the indefinite article "a" before it, nor do we make it plural in most general contexts.
×The country has many modern infrastructures.
✓The country has modern infrastructure.
When referring to the general, collective systems of a place, "infrastructure" is uncountable. Using the plural form "infrastructures" is rare and typically only used in very specific, technical contexts to refer to multiple distinct, separate systems (e.g., comparing the infrastructures of different countries). For most general purposes, use the singular form.
×We must improve infrastructure of the city.
✓We must improve the infrastructure of the city.
While "infrastructure" is uncountable and often used without an article in a general sense (e.g., "a plan for infrastructure"), it requires the definite article "the" when it is specified or followed by a prepositional phrase (like "of the city") that makes it specific and definite.
×The new hospital is an important infrastructure for the community.
✓The new hospital is an important facility for the community.
A single building or service (like a hospital, school, or park) is a "facility." "Infrastructure" refers to the larger, underlying network or system that supports many facilities and operations, such as roads, power grids, water supply, and telecommunications. Do not use "infrastructure" to refer to a single building.
×Reliable infrastructure is essential to economic growth.
✓Reliable infrastructure is essential for economic growth.
The correct preposition to indicate the purpose or beneficiary of infrastructure is usually "for." While "to" can sometimes be used in patterns like "essential to something," "for" is more common and natural when stating what the infrastructure supports or enables.