1. consisting of many different and connected parts
由許多不同且相互關聯的部分組成的
The human brain is a highly complex organ.
人類的大腦是一個高度複雜的器官。
They are designing a complex network of underground tunnels.
他們正在設計一個複雜的地下隧道網絡。
Complex Meaning（定義、用法、例句與發音）
complex
adjective
快速理解
What does "Complex" mean?What are 2-3 core uses of "Complex"?
形容事物由多個相互關聯的部分組成，因此難以理解或處理。
- 1
結構複雜
EN: Made up of many connected or interrelated parts.
翻譯: 由許多相互連接或關聯的部分組成。
- 2
難以理解
EN: Difficult to understand or analyze because of its many parts.
翻譯: 由於組成部分眾多，因此難以理解或分析。
- 3
複合體
EN: A group of related buildings or facilities.
翻譯: 指一組相關的建築物或設施。
- 4
心理情結
EN: A related group of repressed feelings causing abnormal behavior.
翻譯: 指一組被壓抑的相關情感，導致異常行為。
小提醒：注意：在中文裡，'complex' 作為名詞時常譯為「複合體」或「情結」，與形容詞「複雜的」用法不同。例如 'shopping complex' 是「購物中心」，而 'inferiority complex' 是「自卑情結」。
發音（How to Pronounce "Complex" in English）
How to pronounce "Complex" in English?"Complex" US vs UK pronunciation
點擊下方的 US / UK 按鈕可播放發音。
Real-life Examples of "Complex" from YouTube Videos
Michael Seibel - How to Plan an MVP
Y Combinator
“when you think about Twitch, It's much more complex. now, Last Stripe, which wasn't Stripe, it was called slashdev/payments, because why not Like, let's make a name that's really easy to remember.”
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Definitions（定義）
What are the definitions of "Complex"?How does "Complex" change by context?
2. difficult to understand or analyze because of many interconnected elements
因許多相互關聯的因素而難以理解或分析的
The tax laws are so complex that most people need an accountant.
稅法非常複雜，大多數人都需要會計師的幫助。
She gave a complex explanation of the economic theory.
她對這個經濟理論給出了一個複雜的解釋。
3. involving a combination of different feelings, ideas, or qualities
涉及多種不同情感、想法或特質的混合
He has a complex personality that is hard to describe.
他有著一種難以描述的複雜性格。
Their relationship is complex, with a mix of love and rivalry.
他們的關係很複雜，混合了愛與競爭。
4. a group of similar buildings or facilities on the same site
位於同一地點的一組相似建築物或設施
They live in a large apartment complex near the city center.
他們住在市中心附近的一個大型公寓社區裡。
The new sports complex includes a pool, a gym, and several courts.
新的綜合體育館包含一個游泳池、一個健身房和幾個球場。
5. a related group of repressed feelings or ideas that cause abnormal behavior or mental state
一組相關的被壓抑情感或想法，導致異常行為或心理狀態
He seems to have a superiority complex, always looking down on others.
他似乎有優越情結，總是看不起別人。
Her fear of failure stems from an inferiority complex developed in childhood.
她對失敗的恐懼源於童年時期形成的自卑情結。
Grammar & Patterns（句型）
What are common sentence patterns for "Complex"?How to make natural sentences with "Complex"?
| Pattern | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| complex + noun | 複雜的... | This is a complex problem. (這是一個複雜的問題。) |
| get/grow/become + more complex | 變得更加複雜 | The situation is becoming more complex. (情況正變得更加複雜。) |
| highly/very/extremely + complex | 高度/非常/極其複雜 | The theory is highly complex. (這個理論高度複雜。) |
| complex to + V | 做...很複雜 | The software is complex to install. (這套軟體安裝起來很複雜。) |
| complex in + noun | 在...方面複雜 | The device is complex in design. (這台裝置在設計上很複雜。) |
用法說明
How is "Complex" different from similar structures?What usage mistakes are common with "Complex"?
complex doing vs complex to do
- 當 complex 作為形容詞修飾名詞時，通常使用 complex doing 的形式，其中動名詞（doing）作為名詞使用，表示「做…的複雜過程」。
- 當 complex 用於描述某個動作或任務本身的特性時，常使用 complex to do 的結構，其中不定詞（to do）說明在哪方面複雜。
- 在 It is complex to... 的句型中，不定詞（to do）是真正的主語，用來泛指執行某事的複雜性。 EN: Understanding the complex wiring of this device is challenging. 翻譯: 理解這台設備複雜的線路佈局很有挑戰性。
EN:This device is complex to wire correctly without a manual.
翻譯:這台設備若沒有手冊，要正確接線是很複雜的。
總結建議
一般來說，修飾名詞化的動作時用 complex doing，而描述執行動作的難度時則用 complex to do。
易混淆對比
What is the difference between "Complex" and similar words?How to choose "Complex" vs alternatives?
complex vs complicated
「complex」強調結構或系統由許多相互關聯的部分組成，可能複雜但未必難以理解；「complicated」則強調因多種因素交織而導致難以理解或處理。
complex vs intricate
「complex」強調由多個相互關聯的部分組成一個整體；「intricate」則強調細節精細、設計精巧且各部分交織緊密，常帶有工藝精湛的正面意涵。
complex vs sophisticated
「complex」側重於結構或組成部分的繁多與相互關聯；「sophisticated」則強調發展先進、精密、複雜且通常體現高水準的知識、技術或品味。
口語用法
How is "Complex" used in spoken English?What is the spoken vs formal difference for "Complex"?
引述
在引述他人對某事的看法或描述一個公認的複雜情況時，常用 "It's complex" 或 "That's complex" 來開頭或總結。 EN: It's complex, but basically, the new policy affects three departments differently. 翻譯: 這很複雜，但基本上，新政策對三個部門的影響各不相同。
EN:That's complex. I think we need a diagram to explain it properly.
翻譯:那很複雜。我想我們需要一張圖表才能好好解釋。
語氣強調
在口語中，常加入副詞如 "really"、"incredibly" 或 "way too" 來強調複雜程度，語氣較強烈。 EN: The instructions are really complex, so read them twice. 翻譯: 說明真的非常複雜，所以最好讀兩遍。
EN:The plot of that movie is way too complex for a kids' film.
翻譯:那部電影的情節對兒童片來說實在太複雜了。
停頓填充
在思考如何解釋或描述時，用 "It's a bit complex..." 或 "Well, it's complex..." 作為停頓，為接下來的詳細說明鋪墊。 EN: How does the algorithm work? Well, it's complex... Let me start with the basic concept. 翻譯: 這個演算法是怎麼運作的？嗯，這有點複雜...讓我從基本概念開始說。
EN:The reason we're delayed is, it's a bit complex... there were multiple supplier issues.
翻譯:我們延誤的原因是，這有點複雜... 牽涉到好幾個供應商的問題。
注意：在正式書寫或學術報告中，應避免將 "complex" 用於上述口語的停頓或隨意引述，應直接、明確地闡述複雜性，例如使用 "involves multiple factors" 或 "is multifaceted" 等更精確的表述。
常見短語
What common collocations use "Complex"?What fixed phrases with "Complex" should I remember?
complex of
complex + of + [plural noun]
由多個部分組成的綜合體
complex about
complex + about + [noun/gerund]
對...有心理情結；過度在意
highly complex
highly + complex
極度複雜的
complex issue/problem
complex + issue/problem
複雜的問題
complex situation
complex + situation
複雜的局勢/情況
complex system
complex + system
複雜的系統
become more complex
become + more + complex
變得更加複雜
complex character
complex + character
複雜的角色/人物性格
常見錯誤
What are common mistakes with "Complex"?Which "Complex" sentences look correct but are wrong?
×This problem is very complexed.
✓This problem is very complex.
「complex」是形容詞，本身就有「複雜的」意思，不需要加上過去分詞「-ed」。
×He has a complex personality.
✓He has a complex personality.
此句文法正確，但學習者常誤解「complex」在此為負面意思（如「麻煩的」）。實際上，「complex personality」指性格多面、層次豐富，是中性描述。
×The situation is more complex as before.
✓The situation is more complex than before.
比較級「more complex」後面應使用連接詞「than」，而不是「as」。
×It's a complex of many small parts.
✓It's a complex system made up of many small parts.
「complex」作形容詞時，通常修飾一個名詞（如 system, issue, problem）。單獨使用「a complex of...」時，「complex」是名詞，指「建築群」或「情結」，語意不同。
×I feel complex about this decision.
✓I have mixed feelings about this decision.
「complex」主要描述事物本身的性質複雜，不用來直接描述人的「感覺」。描述人感到心情或想法複雜時，常用「have mixed feelings」或「feel conflicted」。
詞形變化
What are the word forms of "Complex"?What are tense/participle forms of "Complex"?