指兩個或多個個人或團體為了共同目標而一起工作或創作的行為。
共同工作
EN: The act of working together with others to achieve a common goal.
翻譯: 與他人一起工作以達成共同目標的行為。
合作創作
EN: The process of creating something jointly, especially in an artistic or intellectual context.
翻譯: 共同創作某物的過程，特別是在藝術或知識領域。
（歷史）通敵合作
EN: Cooperation with an enemy force occupying one's country.
翻譯: 與佔領自己國家的敵方勢力合作。
小提醒：注意第三個意思帶有強烈的負面含義，指與敵人或佔領者合作，使用時需根據上下文小心區分。
點擊下方的 US / UK 按鈕可播放發音。
Real-life Examples of "Collaboration" from YouTube Videos
How teachers can help kids find their political voices | Sydney Chaffee
TED
“Things like problem-solving, critical thinking, collaboration, perseverance -- none of that should be revolutionary on its own.”
1. the act of working together with others to achieve a common goal
與他人共同合作以達成共同目標的行為
The project was a success thanks to the close collaboration between the design and engineering teams.
這個專案的成功，歸功於設計團隊與工程團隊之間的緊密合作。
International collaboration is essential for solving global issues like climate change.
國際合作對於解決氣候變遷等全球性議題至關重要。
2. a piece of work or product created by people working together
由共同合作的人們所創造出的作品或成果
Their latest album is a collaboration between the famous singer and an up-and-coming producer.
他們的最新專輯是這位知名歌手與一位新銳製作人的合作成果。
The mural on the wall is a beautiful collaboration by several local artists.
牆上的壁畫是幾位當地藝術家共同創作的漂亮作品。
3. the act of cooperating traitorously with an enemy occupying one's country
與佔領自己國家的敵人進行叛國性的合作
After the war, he was accused of collaboration with the enemy forces.
戰後，他被指控與敵軍合作。
The history book details the harsh punishments for collaboration during the occupation.
這本歷史書詳細記載了佔領期間對通敵行為的嚴厲懲罰。
| Pattern | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| collaboration + between + A and B | A與B之間的合作 | The collaboration between the two universities led to a major breakthrough. (這兩所大學之間的合作帶來了一項重大突破。) |
| collaboration + on + project/topic | 在專案/主題上的合作 | Their collaboration on the environmental project was highly successful. (他們在環境專案上的合作非常成功。) |
| in collaboration with + person/organization | 與某人/組織合作 | The report was published in collaboration with a leading research institute. (這份報告是與一家頂尖研究機構合作發表的。) |
| close/effective collaboration | 密切/有效的合作 | Close collaboration among team members is essential for this project. (團隊成員間的密切合作對這個專案至關重要。) |
| foster/promote collaboration | 促進/推動合作 | The new policy aims to foster collaboration across different departments. (新政策旨在促進不同部門之間的合作。) |
對比例句： EN: The artist announced a collaboration with a famous fashion brand. 翻譯: 這位藝術家宣布與一個知名時尚品牌合作。
EN:The research was a successful collaboration between the two universities.
翻譯:這項研究是兩所大學之間一次成功的合作。
EN:We need more collaboration on the new marketing campaign.
翻譯:我們需要在新行銷活動上進行更多協作。
EN:Their collaboration on the software update improved its performance significantly.
翻譯:他們在軟體更新上的合作顯著提升了其性能。
使用時請根據想強調的焦點（合作對象、雙方關係或合作主題）來選擇正確的介系詞（with, between, on）。
collaboration vs cooperation
「collaboration」強調共同創作或完成一項具體任務，通常涉及更緊密的團隊工作與共享目標；「cooperation」則泛指為達成共同利益而相互協助，範圍較廣，不一定涉及共同創作。
collaboration vs partnership
「collaboration」指為特定任務或專案進行的合作，可能是暫時性的；「partnership」則指一種更正式、長期的合作關係，通常具有法律或商業約束力。
collaboration vs teamwork
「collaboration」強調不同個人或團體為共同目標「一起工作」的行為與過程；「teamwork」則更側重團隊「協同合作」的精神、能力與整體效果。
在轉述他人意見或共同決定時，常用來緩和語氣，表示這不是單方面的主張。 EN: So, based on our collaboration, we decided to postpone the launch. 翻譯: 所以，基於我們的合作，我們決定延後產品發表。
EN:In our collaboration, the team felt that approach was too risky.
翻譯:在我們的合作過程中，團隊覺得那種做法風險太高。
用來強調共同努力的過程或精神，而非單純指一個專案或事件。 EN: This wasn't just my work—it was a true collaboration. 翻譯: 這不只是我一個人的成果——這是一次真正的協作。
EN:The success was all down to collaboration, honestly.
翻譯:說真的，這次的成功完全歸功於團隊合作。
在思考如何描述團隊互動或尋找更得體的用詞時，作為暫時的填充詞。 EN: The process was... a collaboration... between several departments. 翻譯: 這個過程是...一次跨部門的...協作。
EN:We need more of a, you know, collaboration mindset here.
翻譯:我們這裡需要更多那種，你知道的，協作精神。
正式書寫注意：在正式報告或學術論文中，應避免將 "collaboration" 用於上述口語的停頓或過於模糊的強調。建議明確指出協作的具體形式（如「跨領域合作」、「產學合作」）或主體（如「部門間的合作」），以使論述更精確、專業。
close collaboration
adj + collaboration
緊密的合作
international collaboration
adj + collaboration
國際合作
foster collaboration
verb + collaboration
促進合作
effective collaboration
adj + collaboration
有效的合作
a lack of collaboration
a lack of + collaboration
缺乏合作
cross-sector collaboration
adj + collaboration
跨領域/跨部門合作
benefit from collaboration
verb + from + collaboration
從合作中受益
×We made a collaboration with the marketing team.
✓We collaborated with the marketing team. / We entered into a collaboration with the marketing team.
The verb "make" is not typically used with "collaboration". Use the verb "collaborate" or phrases like "enter into a collaboration", "engage in collaboration", or "work in collaboration with".
×The project was a collaboration between me and John.
✓The project was a collaboration between John and me. / The project was a collaboration between myself and John.
When listing parties in a collaboration, the conventional order is to mention the other person first, then yourself. Using "me" at the end of the list is grammatically correct, but "myself" can also be used for politeness or emphasis in this context.
×We need a close collaboration each other.
✓We need to collaborate closely. / We need close collaboration with each other.
"Collaboration" is a noun and cannot directly take an object like "each other". Use the verb "collaborate" followed by an adverb, or use the noun phrase "collaboration with each other".
×He is known for his collaboration on the enemy during the war.
✓He is known for his collaboration with the enemy during the war.
The preposition "on" is incorrect here. "Collaboration with" someone means working together. Be aware that "collaboration with" can have a negative connotation when referring to working with an opposing or enemy group.
×The collaboration of the new product took six months.
✓The collaboration on the new product took six months. / The development of the new product was a six-month collaboration.
Use "collaboration on" a project, task, or product. "Collaboration of" is typically used to indicate the parties involved (e.g., "a collaboration of three artists"), not the subject of the work.
×We are in a collaboration to finish the report.
✓We are collaborating to finish the report. / We are working in collaboration to finish the report.
The phrase "in a collaboration" is not a standard or natural phrasing. It's more common and natural to use the verb "collaborate" or the adverbial phrase "in collaboration" (without the article "a").